LIS512 lecture 2: FRBR

1. LIS512 lecture 2: FRBR 2010-09-29

2. reading • InternationalFederation of Library Association “Fundamental Requirements for Bibliographic Records”, revised 2008 • The version I used is on the course resource pagehttp://wotan.liu.edu/home/krichel/cou rses/lis512 under the external_doc folder. • You don’t need to read the 142 pages. Just refer to it to potentially clarify what I discuss here.

3. not looked at here • Some of the content relates to tasks that a user will perform on a retrieval system. • Thus there is some “modelling” of what a user does. • This part is off-topic for us sinceit deals with information retrieval.

4. step 1 • Step 1: What do we describe in the bibliographic universe? What are the things that are of interest to bibliographic data? • What we describe is called an entity by FRBR. In fact it is an entity set. The vocabulary is wrong but it is convenient. • Example entities are “work” and “event”.

5. step 2 • Once we know what entities we describe we can do two things. The order of the two does not matter. The two are • 1: For each entity, what about it do we describe? Example: title of a work, start time and end time of an event. • 2: What are relationships between entities? Example: a work “is about” an event. • --see next two slides--

6. attributes to entities • Once we know what entity we are describing, we can define what we want to describe about it. • The data elements we enter information about are called attributes. • For example if the entity is a course, it could be the title of the course, the course number, etc…

7. relationship between entities • If I have two entities, I can define relationships between them. • Say if I have a course entity, and a person entity, I can define a relationship that a person is a student in a course, or a person is an instructor for a course. • Entities and relationships form an entity-relationship model.

8. entity groups • FRBR groups entities into groups. The groups are numbered • Group 1: work, expression, manifestation, item • Group 2: person, corporate body • Group 3: concept, object, event, place

9. group 1: work • The work is a distinct artistic and intellectual creation. It is an abstract entity. • It is difficult to precisely define what a work is. Borders of works may be culturally diverse. • Examples: • Shakespeare’s Hamlet • Bruckner’s fifth symphony • Homer’s Iliad

10. group 1: expression • An expression is an intellectual or artistic realization of the work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical or chorographical notation, regardless of physical form that would not alter the contents. • Examples: • the original text of Hamlet • a version of Bruckner’s fifth symphony • a Russian translation of the Iliad

11. group 1: manifestation • The manifestation is the particular physical form of the expression • a recorded performance of Hamlet • a published score of a version of the fifth symphony of Bruckner • a translation of the Iliad published in Russian • Difference between manifestations depend on physical form and intellectual contents.

12. group 1: item • This is a single physical copy of the manifestation • a DVD of a particular performance of Hamlet • a physical copy of a score of a version of Bruckner's fifth symphony • a copy of the Russian translation of the Iliad on a web site.

13. group 2: person • A person is an individual person. • It does not matter whether they are alive or not. • The main interest in persons is with their relationship with the work.

14. group 2: corporate body • A corporate “Corporate Body” is a group of persons, an organization, or a group of organizations acting as a unit. • Usually the group has to have a name, even though they may have gathered only once for, say, a meeting. • Whether a corporate body is defunct or not does not matter.

15. group 3: concept • A concept is an abstract notion or idea. • The concept does not need to be precise. • Bibliographic records are interested in concepts because they may be the subject of a work.

16. group 3: object • An object is a material thing. • Whether the object actually exists is not of concern. • We are interested in objects because they can be the subjects of works. • Example in the FRBR document: Apollo 11

17. group 3: place • A place is a geographical location. • The place includes geographical location, be they terrestrial or not, and geo-political jurisdictions e.g. the Holy See.

18. group 3: event • An event is an action or occurrence. • The entity defined as an event encompasses a comprehensive range of actions and occurrences that may be the subject of a work: historical events, epochs, periods of time, etc.

19. aggregate entities • Many entities can be aggregates of other entities. • The USA (place) has 50 states, each of them entities of type place. • The Torah (work) has five books. Each is of type work.

20. attributes of a work • title • form • date (of creation) • other distinguishing characteristics (enabling distinction from other works with same title) • intended termination • intended audience • context

21. attributes of a work • context (at creation time) • [for musical works] • medium of performance • numeric designation • key • [for cartographical works] • coordinates • equinox

22. attributes of an expression • title • form • date • language • other distinguishing characteristic • extensibility • revisability

23. attributes of an expression • extent • summarization of content • context • critical response • use restrictions

24. attributes of expressions • [for a serial expression] • sequencing pattern • expected regularity of issue • expected frequency of issue • [for musical expressions] • type of score • medium of performance

25. attributes of expression • [for cartographic images or objects] • scale • projection • presentation technique • representation of relief • geodetic, grid, and vertical measurement

26. attributes of expressions • for images • recording technique • special characteristics • technique

27. attributes of a manifestation • title • statement of responsibility • edition/issue designation • place of publication/distribution • publisher/distributor • date of publication/distribution • fabricator/manufacturer • series statement

28. attributes of a manifestation • form of carrier • extent of the carrier • physical medium • capture mode • dimensions of the carrier • manifestation identifier

29. attributes of a manifestation • source for acquisition/access authorization • terms of availability • access restrictions • [for printed books] • typeface • type size • [for hand-printed books] • foliation • collation

30. attributes of a manifestation • [for sound recordings] • playing speed • groove width • kind of cutting • tape configuration • kind of sound • special reproduction characteristic

31. attributes of a manifestation • [for serials] • publication status • numbering • [for microfilm and visual projections] • color • reduction ratio • polarity • generation • presentation format

32. attributes of a manifestation • [for electronic resources] • system requirements • file characteristics • [for remote electronic resources] • mode of access • access address

33. attributes of an item • item identifier • fingerprint • provenance • marks/inscriptions • exhibition history • condition • treatment history • scheduled treatment • access restrictions

34. attributes of a person • name of the person e.g. “P.D.Q. Bach” • dates of the person e.g. “1742 to 1817” • title of the person e.g. “very reverend” • other designation associated with the person e.g. “junior”

35. attributes of a corporate body • name of the corporate body • number associated with the corporate body • place associated with the corporate body • date associated with the corporate body • other designations associated with the corporate body

36. attributes of concept / object / place / event • These three entities each just have one single, the “term”. • The term for the concept / object / place / event is the word, phrase, or group of characters used to name or designate the concept / object / place / event.

37. primary relationships in group 1 • A work “is realized through” an expression. • An expression “is a realization” of a work. • An expression “embodied in” a manifestation. • A manifestation “is an embodiment” of an expression. • A manifestation “is exemplified by” an item. • An item “exemplifies” a manifestation.

38. group 1 to group 2 relationships • A work “is created by” a person or corporate body (P/CB). • An expression “is realized by” a P/CB. • A manifestation “is produced by” a P/CB • An item “is owned by” a P/CB

39. subject relationships • any entity in group one can have a subject relationship with any entity, be it in group 1, 2 or 3. • A work can be about • another work • a person • a place / event etc…

40. relationships within group 1 • Relationships within group one are a bit more difficult. • Whole to part relationships hold for all entities in group one and they are easy to understand.

41. work to work relationships • is a successor to | has a successor • supplements | has a supplement • complements | has a complement • has a summary | is a summary of • has an adaption | is an adaptation of • has a transformation | is a transformation of • imitation | is an imitation of • has part | is a part of

42. expression to expression relationships, same work • has an abridgement | is an abridgement of • has a revision | is a revision of • has a translation | is a translation of • [for musical works] • has a transcription | is a transcription of • has an arrangement |is an arrangement of

43. expression to expression, different work • has a successor | is a successor to • has a supplement | supplements • has a complement | complements • has a summary | is a summary of • has an adaptation | is an adaptation of • has a transformation | is a transformation of • has an imitation | is an imitation of

44. expression (of different work) to work • Such relationships are used when we have a relationship between expressions, but we are not sure what expression of the work we are looking at. • an expression “has a successor” in a work • an expression “is a successor to” a work • an expression “has a supplement” in a work • an expression “supplements” a work

45. expression (of different work) to work • an expression “has a complement” in a work • an expression “complements” a work • an expression “has a summary” in a work • an expression “is a summary” of a work • an expression “has an adaptation” in a work • an expression “is an adaptation” of a work • an expression “has a transformation” of a work • an expression “is a transformation of” a work • an expression “has an imitation” in a work • an expression “is an imitation of” a work

46. manifestation to manifestation relationships • These hold for manifestations of the same expression • has a reproduction | is a reproduction of • has an alternate |is an alternate to • is part of | has part

47. manifestation to item • a manifestation “has a reproduction” in an item • an item “is a reproduction” of a manifestation

48. item to item (same manifestation) • has reconfiguration | is a reconfiguration of • has reproduction | is a reproduction of • is part of | has part