The Great Wall of China

1. The Great Wall of China Alexis Cabrera, Katie Mills, and Kaitlyn Ligman Period 3

2. History “Great Wall of China” • The Great Wall of China was built over 2,000 years ago. • It was first built by Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of China. (known as Chin) • It was first built during the Qin Dynasty which ranged from 221 B.C. to 206 B.C.

3. It was mainly built in the 7th century B.C. when China was still divided into many small states. • After the unification of China in 221 B.C., Qin Shi Huangdi linked all of the walls of the three states in the north and formed the first "Wan Li Chang Cheng."

4. History • Since the Great Wall has been built it has beenrebuilt, modified and extended throughout Chinese history (2,000 years.) • Although most of the Great Wall we see today was built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). • Since The Great Wall was actually a lot of separate walls connected thought the dynasties, two walls built in two different dynasties can be seen running side by side.

5. Why? • The Great Wall of China was actually built as a protection for defense from Mongol's. (men attacking by horse who often attacked china) • But The Great Wall of China was never acctually used to withstand an attack, because of the weakness and coruption of the government this then allowed invaders to threaten Bejing instead.

6. Facts • The Great Wall stretches over approximately 6,400 km (4,000 miles.) • It ranges from Shanhaiguan in the east to Lop Nur in the west. • Although recent archaeological survey points out that the entire Great Wall, with all of its branches, stretches for 8,851.8 km (5,500.3 mi) • It covers over 8 provinces stretching over mountains valleys and other terrain.

7. Facts Continued • At its peak, the Ming Wall was guarded by more than one million men. • It has been estimated that somewhere around • 2 to 3 million people • died in the centuries • project of building the • wall. There bodies • remain buried in the • wall. Slaves, soilders, • prisoners, and civilians all • helped build the wall.

8. What? • The Great Wall of China was built out of stamping earth and gravel between board frames. • Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains. • This is what the Qin Dynasty walls were made out of. • Today since the Great Wall is disintegrating and the Chinese aren’t pleased and you can find new brick over century old earth product from where civilians tried to patch the wall back up.

9. What? Continued • On the other hand during the Ming Dynasty they used bricks and stones instead of rammed Earth. • They also used things such as tiles, lime, and stone. • The size and weight of the bricks made them easier to work with, so construction quickened. • Bricks could also hold more Weight.

10. Watchtowers • Signal towers were built upon hill tops or other high points along the wall for their visibility, if there ever was an attack they would light fire in the tops of the towers due to the visibility. • Communication between the army units were used in the towers to signal enemy movement as well.

11. Condition • Several Parts of the wall where tourism occurs has been rebuilt or preserved. • Whereas some parts have disintegrated. • Those parts might serve as a village playground or a source of stones to rebuild houses and roads. • Also, some parts have been graffitied and vandalized.

12. Condition in Gansu Province • It’s bee said over 60km of the wall in the Gansu Province will disapear in the next 20 years. • This will be due to sandstorms and erosion. • Many of sections on the western side have desenigrated because it was built of mud not brick.

13. Other Walls • China is not the only country who has built a wall along its boundary. • Athens, the Roman Empire, Denmark and Korea all built a wall. • The Hadrian's Wall in northern England, was built "to separate the Romans from the barbarians.”

14. Visibility From Space • The Great Wall is not visible from the moon • It is semi visible from low earth orbit • NASA claims that it is barely visible, and only under nearly perfect conditions can you see it not with the naked eye.

15. Notable Areas • There are three sections in Bejing that are mainly visited by tourist today. • West Pass- near western edges the western port

16. South East Pass • South East Pass-which winds along mountains, which connects with these other passes.

17. Eastern Passes • These passes border the eastern side of china.

18. North Pass • The North Pass-used to defend China’s capital. • It is made out of stone and bricks from the hills • In this portion of the Great Wall is 7.8 meters (25.6 ft) high and 5 meters (16.4 ft) wide. • It has many guards to defend China’s capital Beijing

19. Another Notable Section • On the Eastern side, • The first pass of the Great Wall was built on the Shanhaiguan, the first mountain the Great Wall climbs. • Jia Shan is also here which is the only portion of the wall that was built a bridge.

20. Its Importants to the People • The Great Wall is the most famous Chinese landmark . • It shows the peoples culture and heritage. • It also has important cultural and historical symbols. • The Great Wall of China, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.

21. Activities • People will usually visit in the summer or the fall to see the unique structure, but it’s less crowded in the winter and spring. • Badaling, Mutianyu, and Simatai are the most popular spots on the Great Wall of China tour. • Great Wall Museum you also may see here.

23. Planning a Trip • We’ll be planning a trip to china to visit the great wall along the way we’ll choose airlines and take tour busses to the great wall. • We booked a flight off of Vayama, are airway is AirChina (first class) and arriving in Beijing, and staying for 2 weeks. • This will cost around 13,000 dollars round trip .

24. Planning a Trip Continued • We’ll be staying in the Park Plaza Beijing Wangfujing for 150 dollars a night. • Next up we’ll be taking a local tour bus to the Great Wall of China,Beijing Bus Tour, and it’s $20.00 a person. • Olympic Bird’s Nest, Great Wall and Ming Tombs will be the places we will stop on the tour.

25. Planning a Trip Continued. • The area of The Great Wall we’ll be seeing is the Badaling Great Wall section. • For dinner we’ll be eating at are hotel in the local dinner serving traditional Chinese cuisine, at about $12.00 a dish. • In the end the complete trip will cost us a total of around 16,000 dollars.

26. Great Wall of China Videoand facts. • Link : http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/discovery-atlas-china-revealed-the-great-wall.html Did you know due to the massive amount of people who are buried in The Great Wall of China the Chinese call it the longest grave in the world. Speaking of world The Great wall can stretch around the world 1and ½ times.

27. Sources • www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/greatwall/Allabout.html • http://web.bvu.edu/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=700 • http://www.hadrians-wall-bed-and-breakfast.co.uk/ • http://www.thegreatwall.com.cn/en/goc/goc-1.htm • http://www.tourchina.cn/culture/chinaviewold.htm • http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/greatwall/Map.html • http://www.destination360.com/asia/china/great-wall-of-china.php • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China • http://www.greatwall-of-china.com/ • http://ppj-web-3.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA01838.jpg • http://www.travelchinaguide.com/china_great_wall/ • http://www.homeimprovementpages.com.au/article/mud_bricks • http://www.chinatour.com/attraction/qinhuangdao.htm • http://www.asia2america.com/images/gansu_province.gif • http://www.vayama.com/jsp/home/results.jsp?s=4467802&tab=1&startItinId=0&cb=58241936202 • http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotels-g294212-Beijing-Hotels.html • http://www.chinatourselect.com/Single-City-Tour/City-Tours/Beijing-Golden-Bus-Tour.html • http://www.hostelworld.com/tours/china/beijing/day-tour:-badaling-great-wall-and-ming-tombs