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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Introduction to Networks Ruth Watson. Objectives (1 of 2). Differentiate between a peer-to-peer network and a client server network Explain the importance of the choice of file system Differentiate between a client computer and a server

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Introduction to Networks Ruth Watson Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  2. Objectives (1 of 2) • Differentiate between a peer-to-peer network and a client server network • Explain the importance of the choice of file system • Differentiate between a client computer and a server • List at least three different server services • Explain the difference between centralized and decentralized administration • Explain the difference between workgroup and domain membership Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  3. Objectives (2 of 2) • Explain why the NTFS file system is more secure than the FAT file system • Define topology • Describe the four main topologies • Differentiate between a network topology and a network technology • Demonstrate how to configure Local Area Connection properties • Describe the role of the network interface card (NIC) Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  4. Most professionals work in a Networked environment Security becomes an issue in a networked environment When designing networks, there are specific guidelines to follow, such as: Type of Network File System Security When implementing a network, the physical structure includes: NIC Cards Cables Transmission media Hubs Switches Routers Introduction Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  5. Attenuation Bus Client/server Cluster Ethernet FAT32 File system Hub LAN (local area network) MAN (metropolitan area network) Media Network NIC (network interface card) NOS (network operating system) NTFS Peer-to-peer Repeater Ring Router Slack space Star Switch Token Ring WAN (wide area network) Important Terms to Understand Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  6. Network Scope • Local Area Network (LAN) • Small Network • Usually confined to a building or an office floor • Wide Area Network (WAN) • Two or more LANs connected together • The Internet is an example • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • Covers a large area, such as a city Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  7. Types of Networks - Peer-To-Peer • Good for small environments, usually up to 10 computers • No dedicated network administrator • Each computer must have specific permissions assigned • Sharing resources can become a problem if the computer with the resource is down • Security is a serious issue Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  8. Types of Networks - Client/Server • A server has a special Network Operating system (NOS) to help provide resources to multiple users • Client/Server environments usually have one or more network administrators • Problems can include access, security, and integrity of data • Backups are needed in this environment Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  9. Types of Networks - Home Networks • Home networks are becoming more popular • Typically peer-to-peer • Set up is fairly easy • A router keeps track of all the computers inside the home network • Computers are configured with fake IP addresses that allow them to communicate Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  10. Centralized Client/Server Environment Resources are on server Backup is easier Profiles are easy to keep track of Decentralized Peer-to-Peer Environment Resources are spread out There are no profiles Centralized vs. Decentralized Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  11. Workgroup Peer-to-Peer Environment Effective for small environments Security is a problem Domain Client/Server Environment Effective for larger environments Network administrator has control Workgroup vs. Domain Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  12. Files Systems • A file system keeps track of files and folders • DOS uses FAT (File Allocation System • Windows 2000 uses NTFS (New Technology File System) Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  13. Choosing a File System • Files systems keep track of files and folders • There are several file systems to choose • A file system determines how files can be named and length of file names • Each operating systems has its own file system • LINUX: ext2 or ext3 • Windows 2000: NTFS or FAT32 Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  14. Security • How much security you need helps to determine a file system • FAT/FAT32 is good on stand alone computers • NTFS should be used on networks Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  15. Network Topology - Bus • Computers are daisy chained together in a linear bus • Commonly used in the 1980’s • Least expensive • Easiest to setup • Uses coax cable • Data packets are sent along the coax cables • All computers hear data sent out • A BNC connector is used for the NIC card • If there is a break in the computer, the other computers are disturbed Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  16. Network Topology - Star • Computers are concentrated into a star pattern using hubs or switches • Most LANs use Star topology • Uses Category 5 cable (cat 6 is on the way) • Cat 5 cable uses an RJ-45 connector for the NIC card • Easy to install • Not that expensive • Hubs broadcast data to all devices • Switches can be used instead of hubs • Switches can help segment data traffic but are more expensive • If there is a break in the cable, it does not disturb the other computers Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  17. Network Topology - Ring • Not used as often as the Star • Uses different hardware • More expensive • Complex to install • Best at passing data with less collisions Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  18. Network Technology - Ethernet • Ethernet was developed by Bob Metcafe and D.R. Boggs at the Palo Alto Center in the early 1970’s • Multiple cables and protocols can be used with Ethernet • Different networks can be connected, such as: • Windows • Macintosh • Novell • Unix Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  19. Network Technology - Token Ring • Token Ring uses a different access method • Only one device transmits at a time • Each device checks to see if the data is for them • Fewer collisions Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  20. Protocols • Protocols are agreed upon rules that networked devices use to communicate • Different organizations came up with different protocols • TCP/IP resolved issues and enabled all computer platforms to communicate Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  21. LAN Components • LAN components include: • Repeaters • Used to amplify data signals due to attenuation • Hubs • Act as a concentrator to connect several computers • Switches • Intelligent hubs that segment traffic to avoid collisions • Routers • Must have to be able to access the Internet Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  22. Network Interface Card (NIC) • NIC enables computers to communicate through a unique media access control (MAC) address • The MAC is burned in at the factory Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  23. Summary • You don’t have to be a technology specialist to network your home • Networks range from very small to very large • A server has a special operating system on it that allows multiple users to log in at the same time • Peer-to-Peer networks require no server, but security is an issue • A Client/Server network must have at least one dedicated server and a network administrator • There are four ways to connect your network: bus, star, ring, or hybrid • Protocols are rules that allow computers and other devices to communicate • The most common protocol is TCP/IP Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

  24. Questions? Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 7

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