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MCU – Microcontroller Unit – 1

MCU – Microcontroller Unit – 1. MCU  1 cip or VLSI core – application-specific. Embedded system : is a system whose principal function is not computational, but which is controlled by a computer embedded within it. Examples: Refrigerator. Examples: Car Door.

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MCU – Microcontroller Unit – 1

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  1. MCU – Microcontroller Unit – 1 MCU  1 cip or VLSI core – application-specific

  2. Embedded system: is a system whose principal function is not computational, but which is controlled by a computer embedded within it.

  3. Examples: Refrigerator

  4. Examples: Car Door

  5. Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle

  6. Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle

  7. The microprocessor is a processor on one silicon chip. • The microcontrollers are used in embedded computing. • The microcontroller is a microprocessor with added circuitry.

  8. Microcontrollers

  9. Microcontroller Packaging and Appearance From left to right: PIC 12F508, PIC 16F84A, PIC 16C72, Motorola 68HC05B16, PIC 16F877, Motorola 68000 Some slides above are from - Dr. GheithAbandah

  10. Types of MCU • 8/16/32-bit mcu– internal bus & instruction size, ALU • Instruction sets – RISC/CISC • Complicated instruction set comp [CISC] • It has an instruction set that supports many addressing modes. • It offers flexibility in choosing various ways of performing the data transfer and ALU ops. • Reduced ISC [RISC] • Supports 1/2 addressing modes • Need many registers – so need less fetching from external memories for operations… so higher performance in computing than CISC… e.g., ARM

  11. Types of MCU • Memory architecture • Harvard mem has a distinct mem address space for • Program mem & • Data mem • It has separate instructions , • hence separate control signal[s], for data transfers from these two memories. • Princeton mem has a common mem space for both. So no need for separate …

  12. Types of MCU • Family • 8051 • Intel • Philips • Atmel • Siemens • Dallas • Motorola • PIC - Peripheral Interface Controller • Hitachi • Texas • ARM - Advanced RISC Machine (previously known as Acorn RISC Machine) • Others

  13. Selection of MCU • Checklist • 8/16/32 bit ALU • Max. power dissipation • Clock speed needed • Instructions set  RISC/CISC

  14. Selection of MCU… • Checklist – • Memory architecture • Memory size • Cache, memory management unit, DSP calculations • Internal PROM/… • I/O ports • Cost

  15. Selection of MCU… • Additional checklists • Cost when single chip and when MCU interfaces to circuit with some features • Major building blocks of hardware cost and availability • Major building blocks of software cost and availability • Ease of integration • Design team expertise • Manpower

  16. Applications Numerous! e.g., • Biomedical instruments • Communication systems • Controller • Instrumentations • Control systems • Automotive apps, etc.

  17. Program mem – mainly Volatile / ROM • Data mem - non-volatile mem / RAM

  18. Intel 8051/8031 architecture • CPU has the control and sequencing logic circuits, ALU, Flags, clock • Program mem - ROM • Interrupt control ckt • Internal timing devices – timer • Serial interface • Data mem - RAM

  19. Intel 8051/8031… • Special function registers • Ports • Register banks – 4 set of registers • RST – reset pin • INT – interrupt pins • VCC – voltage supply pin • GND

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