Water Footprint & Beneficial Reuse Economic / Environmental / Social Responsibility

1. Dr. Rengarajan Ramesh Wasserstein & Co Data for this entire presentation obtained from the publications and papers of Dr. Hoekstra and Dr. Pollack Water Footprint & Beneficial ReuseEconomic / Environmental / Social Responsibility

2. Wasserstein & Co. is an independent private equity and investment firm, with offices in New York and Los Angeles. The firm was founded in January 2001 and focuses on middle-market leveraged buyout investments and related investment activities. • Investment Criteria • Transaction: Leveraged buyouts • Company Size: ~$10MM+ EBITDA • Industries of Focus: Media and communications, consumer products and water equipment and services • Company characteristics: Strong cash flow profile, growth opportunities and experienced management team Current Portfolio Companies Historical Investments • Largest independent B2B media company in US covering 17 industries • Premier producer and marketer of branded premium fresh fruit and gourmet foods • Manufacturer of missions critical valves, fittings, tubing and accessories for high pressure applications

3. North American Leading Ag Publisher

4. Critical for Sustaining Life, Plants and this Planet • Limited Supply of Water – 97% in Oceans, 2% in remote areas and < 1% Fresh water available on this planet. • Fresh water supply is not where it is needed. • Global Population increase and meat consumption has increased the per capital water consumption globally • Industrial, Agricultural and Human consumption has polluted the fresh water supply around the world. What we know about Water

5. Colorless, Odorless, Tasteless • Three phases – Solid ( Ice), Liquid ( Water) and Gas ( Steam) What we know about Water

6. Jello > 95% Water These hold the clue to better understand Water Things we do not clearly understand about Water

7. What is Virtual Water and Water Footprint ?

8. 2. Technology Innovations for safe & sustainable reuse of water • 1. Virtual Water Footprint and its implications for long term water sustainability swimming quorum sensing attachment Two Focus Areas Reduce & Reuse

9. IT IS THE TOTAL AREA OF USA & CANADA AND BUILDING A 30 MILE WALL AROUND THIS TO HOLD THE WATER Some Key Facts on Virtual Water

10. Water Footprint Liters /Kilo of Produce

11. Water Footprint Vegetarian vs Meat Diet

12. POPULATION GROWTHIMPACT ON WATER, FOOD & AGRICULTURE

13. Population Growth Trends to 2080

14. Virtual Water Exports

15. Water Withdrawals Increasing....

16. American Annual Per Capita Water Withdrawals NOT Sustainable

17. USA will maintain its global agricultural production and export leadership in the future exporting “Virtual Water” • USA blue water resources are slowly getting depleted – Aquifers levels are dropping • USA industrial water consumption will continue to grow • USA population growth especially in Western, Southern USA, continues to challenge the already stressed water resources • USA per capita consumption of water is the highest in the world and continues to grow. Population growth will further aggravate the situation unless some changes are implemented. Water Challenges in the USA

18. Innovations lead to Sustainable Solutions

19. Mono Molecular Graphene Membranes – Lower energy filtration and desalination technologies – Lockheed Martin Patent issued • Capturing energy from flowing water in processing plants (Process water, waste water, and influent water) • Water Jet cutting and cleaning in poultry and meat processing • Waste heat used to purify waste water • Cavitation technologies for treating water • Pulsed Electric Fields for disinfection • Anammox for bio treatment to reduce energy consumption • Finally ….... Leverage the 4th Phase of Water. • Quorum Sensing – Real time Bacteria monitoring and prevention of colonization of bacteria Emerging Innovations in Water Reuse

20. Ice – Water – Steam - ???Is there a 4th Phase of Water ?

21. Unique Properties of the Liquid Crystal ' EZ “ Water Unique Properies of Water in the Exclusion Zone Water is “-” Charged Water has NO “solutes”. Water has crystal like structure Properties of the bulk water Water is “+” charged Water has solutes Water has constantly changing structure What is happening to the Water in the Exclusion Zone ?

22. Leveraging the Exclusion Zone

23. What is Quorum Sensing ?.

24. Bacteria use quorum sensing to mastermind behaviors, including • Mating • Releasing toxins • Causing disease (virulence) Quorum Sensing

25. These changes culminate in an infection that can ambush and overwhelm our immune system defenses. The bacteria appear relatively innocuous as they quietly grow in number. When their population reaches a certain level, instant changes occur in their • Behavior • Appearance • Metabolism How Harmful Bacteria use Quorum Sensing

26. Implement water reduction practices all along the value chain • Drip, Irrigation tiling, treatment and reuse • Decentralized treatment and onsite reuse of process water and waste water • Treat and reuse water used in cleaning produce • Implement innovative technologies that help reduce the water, energy, waste, and environmental footprint • Reduce energy in pumping, thermal energy used in processing, sterilization, packaging etc. • Enhance food safety / security all along the value chain • High pressure pasteurization Reduce & Reuse