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B2 – Lesson 1 Keeping Healthy

B2 – Lesson 1 Keeping Healthy. Brainstorm how we get ill. How do we get ill?. Infections - Objectives and Outcomes. At the end of the lesson students will be able to: State 3 types of micro-organism (D) Explain why you get symptoms when you have an infection or disease (C)

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B2 – Lesson 1 Keeping Healthy

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  1. B2 – Lesson 1 Keeping Healthy • Brainstorm how we get ill How do we get ill?

  2. Infections - Objectives and Outcomes At the end of the lesson students will be able to: • State 3 types of micro-organism (D) • Explain why you get symptoms when you have an infection or disease (C) • Discuss the health risks associated with infections (B)

  3. The Importance of Hygiene Why should you wash your hands after using the toilet?

  4. What are Pathogens? Micro organisms that cause disease.

  5. What are Microbes? • Living things are called __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ . • Tiny organisms can be made of only __ __ __ cell. • We call them __ __ __ __ __ organisms.

  6. Telescope Microscope What are Microbes? • Micro-organisms are some times called microbes for short. • We can not see them with our eyes… Do we use a microscope or a telescope to see them?

  7. What Diseases do you know of?

  8. What causes Disease?

  9. Different Types of Microbes There are three types of microbes: microbes bacteria viruses fungi

  10. What are microorganisms? • Fungi Small... • Bacteria ...smaller... • Viruses ...smallest!

  11. Why do bacteria and viruses make you ill? Symptoms of disease are caused by damage done to cells or by toxins they make. In suitable conditions micro-organisms can reproduce rapidly into large numbers!

  12. Which is not a microbe A, Fungus B, Bacteria C, Virus D, Organ

  13. What do you call a disease causing microbe? A, Antigen B, Pathogen C, Capsicum D, Pathostem

  14. What does not cause symptoms of disease A, Damage to Cells B, Toxins C, Rapid reproduction of the pathogen D, High temperature

  15. Viruses Bacteria Fungi

  16. 5 minute breather • Video of TV ad campaign for Sti’s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzmWaYHHRPA

  17. True or False? • A person can have an STI and not know it • Once you have had an STI and have been cured, you can’t get it again • A pregnant woman who has an STI can pass it on to her baby • Most STIs go away without treatment, if people wait long enough • STIs that aren’t cured early can cause sterility • Birth control pills offer protection from STIs • Condoms can help prevent the spread of STIs • If you know your partner, you can’t get an STI • A sexually active woman should get an annual pap test from her doctor • Chlamydia is a type of STI • Only young people can get STI

  18. What is under your fingernail?? • There are lots of things in the world around us that you cannot see with your own eyes. • There are living things made of many cells • And there are living things made of only one cell Microbes are micro organisms that are too small to be seen. A pathogen is a microbe that can cause diseases if it enters the body:

  19. Micro-bugs vs Bacteria Microbug on a Human hair Bacteria Human hair

  20. Is that as small as microbes get? Nope: Viruses are even smaller

  21. Copy and complete: Infections are caused by some ____________ that invade the body. Microorganisms are ______, ________ and _______. When disease microorganisms get inside your body, they _______ very quickly. This causes _______ - the ill feelings. Symptoms can be caused by 1. ______________________ 2.______________________ Lesson 1: Infectious diseases

  22. Virus Reproduction - What’s the Order? Infect nearby cells and repeat the process. Use the cell contents to replicate (form thousands of identical copies) Viruses are taken into cells in the body Damage the cell as they burst out and

  23. Virus Reproduction - What’s the Order? Viruses are taken into cells in the body Use the cell contents to replicate (form thousands of identical copies) Damage the cell as they burst out and Infect nearby cells and repeat the process.

  24. B2 lesson 2Microbe attack LO: to know what parts of your body stop micro-organisms getting in [C] and how the body fights off micro-organisms when they are inside [B]

  25. 8C Defence!

  26. Fighting disease If microbes do enter our body they need to be neutralised or killed. This is done by WHITE BLOOD CELLS: • White blood cells do 3 things: • They eat the microbe (phagocytosis) • They produce antibodies to neutralise the microbe • The produce antitoxins to neutralise the poisons produced by microbes

  27. Producing antibodies You’re going down Step 1: The white blood cell “sees” the antigen (microbe) Step 2: The cell produces antibodies to “fit” the antigen Step 3: The antibodies fit onto the antigens and cause them to “clump” Step 4: The antigens are “eaten” by the white blood cells

  28. Brainpop – Immune system

  29. 8C Immunity

  30. Quick Questions Red blood cells carrying…….........? White blood cells ready to fight…….......?

  31. Story Board Rules Task : in pairs draw a story board that illustrates the two methods white blood cells use to fight infection • 5 mins brainstorm and discuss • 20 mins • Must contain GOOD science • Must use keywords – antigen, antibodies, immune, phagocytosis, • Pages 92-93

  32. BINGO • Antigen • Infection • Antibody • White blood cell • Immunity • Fungi • Phagocytosis • Engulf • Red blood cell • Memory cell • Lymph nodes • Pathogen • Virus • Bacteria • Microorganism

  33. In GCSE science exams they like to test your MATHS skills... Calculate the population growth of microorganisms given appropriate data EXAMPLE:- Revisium biologus is a bacterium that reproduces every 20 minutes. If 10 R.biologus bacteria are left for 2 hours, how many bacteria will there be at the end of this period? There are some simple steps to work this out...

  34. Immune System bacteria white blood cell virus antibiotics fungus LO: to understand the different roles white blood cells can play in fighting off disease [C] calculate population growth of microorganisms [B] explain why white blood cells create antibodies [A] (STS: 2) • Mix and match • I cause thrush • I provide antibodies • I cause AIDS • I am smaller than fungi but bigger than a virus • I only kill bacteria and fungi

  35. mini test • 6 = A* • 5 = A • 4 = B • 3 = C • 2 = D

  36. What is a pathogen? C A disease causing microbe A A change in the environment D A type of medicine B Fungi, Bacteria and Viruses

  37. Which of these is NOT a first line of defence against disease? Skin Mucus A B C D White blood cells Stomach acid

  38. Which picture shows a virus? A B C D A low number of species which are adapted to survive in low oxygen concentrations

  39. What do ALL microbes need for optimum growth? Moisture Alkali Nutrients Warmth Nutrients Carbon dioxide A B Warmth Moisture Nutrients Oxygen Moisture Warmth C D

  40. What does ‘phagocytosis’ mean? B The immune system A Fossilisation C A WBC engulfing (eating) a microbe D To get better quickly after infection

  41. Fighting disease If microbes do enter our body they need to be neutralised or killed. This is done by WHITE BLOOD CELLS: • White blood cells do 3 things: • They eat the microbe (phagocytosis) • They produce antibodies to neutralise the microbe • The produce antitoxins to neutralise the poisons produced by microbes

  42. Producing antibodies You’re going down Step 1: The white blood cell “sees” the antigen (microbe) Step 2: The cell produces antibodies to “fit” the antigen Step 3: The antibodies fit onto the antigens and cause them to “clump” Step 4: The antigens are “eaten” by the white blood cells

  43. Specific antibodies Antibodies are specific – they will only neutralise the microbe they have been made for. Once we have made an antibody to recognise a particular microbe, ‘memory cells’ can make that antibody again very quickly, therefore protecting against that microbe in the future - IMMUNITY

  44. 20 minutes fighting off infection Outcomes: produce a story board that explains how our white blood cells create antibodies to fight off infection. Success Criteria: C – create a labelled diagram for each stage B – explain in words what is happening A – use 8 scientific words in your explanation • Stages (not in correct order) • Antigens eaten • Antigens seen • Produces antibodies • Clump together • EXTENSION • Draw a diagram to represent WBC making antitoxins to neutralise the poisons produced by microbes

  45. Key Words White blood cell Antitoxins Microbe Pathogen Antibodies Phagocytosis Antigen Immune Engulf Memory Cells Specific Neutralised

  46. 8C Immunity

  47. Worksheet - Bacteria and viruses can grow EXPONENTIALLY ... reproduction period 1 reproduction period 2 3 4

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