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“You don’t turn it on. You open it and turn the pages.”. Globalization. Movement of capital, products, technology, information continue at record pace Global economy Regional free trade Multinational corporations Economic competition increase
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Globalization • Movement of capital, products, technology, information continue at record pace • Global economy • Regional free trade • Multinational corporations • Economic competition increase • Must be able to function in a global economy for job success in the 21st century
Percent of Firms Downsizing by Business Category Source: Chicago Tribune, August 21, 1995
From 1980 to 1994, the U.S. contingent workforce—temps, self-employed, consultants—increased 57%
Constant training, retraining, job-hopping, and even career-hopping will become the norm.
Today, 65% of all workers use some type of information technology in their jobs. By 2000, this will increase to 95%.
Cyber-Universities • 1993: 93 • 1997: 762
Examples • Magellan University • College Connection • Education Network of Maine • Colorado Electronic Community College • Coastline Community College • California Virtual University • Western Governors University
“Diplomas decline as degrees of separation in the workforce” USA Today Cover Story January 3, 1997
Crisis in College Costs Per-student costs keep going up ... … And colleges face a growing shortage of funds. Sources: The News & Observer (June 18, 1997, Raleigh, NC) and RAND for the Council for Aid to Education
Crisis in College Costs Per-student costs keep going up ... Sources: The News & Observer (June 18, 1997, Raleigh, NC) and RAND for the Council for Aid to Education
What has changed is…the public’s…willingness to support institutions that value producers more than products.Zemsky and Massey, 1995
“Your instructional system is driven by teaching rather than by learning, by the needs of professors rather than students.”Sir John S. Daniel, 1997
Technological Tools • Use for group teaching • Use for individual teaching
“…with good learning materials, effective networks, and proper support, students can learn better at home than in class.”Sir John Daniel, 1997
Children • are trying to do something rather than to know something • are learning by doing • control their learning by using an adult to guide them through new areas of investigation—one-on-one assistance, as-needed basis
Natural Learning • occurs when the person really wants to know something • not compatible with lockstep classrooms, rigid curricula, or measurable by multiple choice tests • When information enters memory that in no way relates to goals that the possessor of the information may want to accomplish, it is quickly forgotten because there is no meaningful place for it to reside.
Public School • learn what someone else wants them to learn—teacher and curriculum goals • no longer learn because they want to • emphasis on rote learning, standardized curriculum • success: not being able to do, but being able to function within the system • In school, knowing becomes uncoupled from doing
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 E-Mail Computer Classrooms Computer Simulations or Exercises Presentation Handouts Commercial Courseware Multimedia CD-ROM Based Materials 1994 1995 1996 Using Technology in the ClassroomRising Use of IT in Instruction (percentage of courses)
Uses of Technology • Meets needs of handicapped students • Extends the institution’s reach • Maine imports library science graduate degree program from South Carolina • NTU programs are offered in Asia • California Virtual University markets in the Pacific Rim • Offers economies of scale
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 All Campuses PublicUniv. Private Univ. Public 4-Yr. College Private4-Yr. College Community College 1990 1991 1992 1994 1995 1993 Student Ownership (percentage by campus type) 24
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Public Univ. Private Univ. Public 4-Yr. College Private 4-Yr. College Community College Instructional Support and Recognition (percentages, by sector) Campus Has a Technology Resource Center Formal Program to Reward IT as Part of Promotion and Tenure Review
Issues • Tenure, merit, promotion • Does on-line publication count? • Does on-line teaching count? • Workload • Royalties for on-line packages
Are we teaching the knowledge and skills needed for the 21st century? Does our pedagogy match needs of students? Do we have quality? Are we structured to work in an era of lifelong learning?