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Metamorphism and metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphism and metamorphic Rocks. Prof. Dr. Ziad Salem Abu-Hamatteh Faculty of Engineering Technology Al-Balqa’ Applied University. Metamorphism and metamorphic Rocks. Metamorphism: all changes (textural/mineralogical) that take place on a pre-existing rock(I,S,M)

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Metamorphism and metamorphic Rocks

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  1. Metamorphism and metamorphic Rocks Prof. Dr. Ziad Salem Abu-Hamatteh Faculty of Engineering Technology Al-Balqa’ Applied University

  2. Metamorphism and metamorphic Rocks Metamorphism: all changes (textural/mineralogical) that take place on a pre-existing rock(I,S,M) in response to new conditions (P/T) imposed on the rock which are different from those under which the rocks have originally been formed. Changes take place in the solid state

  3. Original Unmetamorphosed rock A B Nucleation of new minerals in response to changes in T or P or both Ions migrate either by solid state diffusion or Different stages of mineral growth involve both textural and mineralogical changes Intergranular fluids C SiO2 + CaCO3  CaSiO3 + CO2 Best, 1982

  4. Deformed metamorphic rocks

  5. Types or Envs. of metamorphism • Contact (thermal) metamorphism = around magmas • Regional metamorphism = along subduction zones in areas of mountain building. Rocks in these setting are subjected to both increase in T and to directed pressures.

  6. Contact metamorphism

  7. Subduction zone and regional metamorphism

  8. Agents of metamorphism • Heat = thermal energy geothermal gradient • Pressure increases at a rate of about 250-300 bars/km of depth. • Chemical active hot fluids (H2O, CO2 are the most common) moving within the rocks are capable of dissolving rocks and precipitating others at other places

  9. Confining pressure=analogous to hydrostatic pressure

  10. Differential stresses = directed pressures

  11. Textures • Foliated rocks • = regional • Metamorphic • rocks

  12. Common metamorphic rocks

  13. Slate

  14. Phyllite http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blphyllite.htm

  15. Garnet Schist

  16. Garnet schist

  17. Mica schist

  18. Gneiss

  19. Banded gneiss

  20. Folded metamorphic rocks

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