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Chapter Thirteen Architecture. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN ARCHITECTURE Shell System, Skeleton-and-Skin System, Weight and Tensile Strength Load-Bearing Construction • Steel-Frame Construction Post-and-Lintel • Suspension Round Arch and Vault • Reinforced Concrete
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Chapter ThirteenArchitecture • STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN ARCHITECTUREShell System, Skeleton-and-Skin System, Weight and Tensile Strength • Load-Bearing Construction • Steel-Frame Construction • Post-and-Lintel • Suspension • Round Arch and Vault • Reinforced Concrete • Pointed Arch and Vault • Geodesic Domes • Dome • Green Architecture • Corbelled Arch and Dome • Balloon-Frame • Cast-Iron Construction
Load-Bearing Construction Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.1. Great Friday Mosque, Djenne, Mali, rebuilt 1907 “Stacking and Piling”
Post-and-Lintel Construction Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.2, Amon-Mut-Khonsu, Luxor, Begun C. 1390 BCE Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.3, Column Styles of the Greek orders
Post-and-Lintel Construction Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.5, Elevation, Temple of Athena Nike Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.4, Kallikrates, Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Athens, 427-424 BCE
Post-and-Lintel Construction Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.8, Stepped Truss Roof Structure Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.6, Hoodo, Byodo-In Temple, Uji, Kyoto, Prefecture, Japan, C. 1053 Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.7, Bracket System
Round Arch and Vault Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.10, Interior, Saint Foy, Conques, France C. 1050-1120
Pointed Arch and Vault Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.12, Cathedral of Le Mans, France, 1217-54 Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.11, Reims Cathedral, France, 1211-C. 1290.
Dome Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.15, Giovanni Panini, Interior of the Pantheon, C. 1740 Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.13, Pantheon, Rome, 118-125 CE
Dome Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.18, Taj Mahal, Aggra, India, 1632-53
Corbelled Arch and Dome Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.20, Jain Temple of Dilwara, Vimala Temple, Mount Abu, India, completed 1032.
Cast-Iron Construction Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.21, Joseph Paxton, Crystal Palace, London, 1851. Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.22, Alexandre Gustav Eiffel, Eiffel Tower, Paris, 1889.
Balloon-Frame Construction A true skeleton-and-skin method .
Steel-Frame Construction Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.24, Gordon Bunshaft, Lever House, New York, 1952 Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.23, Louis Sullivan, Wainwright Building, St. Louis, 1890-91.
Suspension Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.25, Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, 1937.
Reinforced Concrete Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.26, Joern Utzon, Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia, 1959-72.
Geodesic Domes Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.27, R. Buckminster Fuller, U.S. Pavilion, Montreal, 1967.
Purposes of Architecture Museums Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.31, Frank O. Gehry,Design model of Guggenheim Museum Bilboa. Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.31, Frank O. Gehry, Guggenheim Museum Bilboa, Spain, 1997. Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.31, Frank O. Gehry,Catia rendering of Guggenheim Museum Bilboa.
Purposes of Architecture Office Buildings Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.36, Arata Isozaki and Associates, Team Disney Building, Orlando, FL, completed 1991. Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.34, William VanAllen, Chrysler Building, New York, completed 1930.
Purposes of Architecture Dwellings Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.37, Moshe Safdie, Habitat Montreal, 1967. Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.38, Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater, Pennsylvania, 1936.
Recent Directions Green Architecture Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.45, Shigeru Ban, Japan Pavilion, Hanover Expo, Germany, 2000 Insert 72 dpi visual Suggested visual: figure 13.45, Shigeru Ban, Japan Pavilion interior, Hanover Expo, Germany, 2000
Chapter ThirteenArchitecture • STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN ARCHITECTUREShell System, Skeleton-and-Skin System, Weight and Tensile Strength • Load-Bearing Construction • Steel-Frame Construction • Post-and-Lintel • Suspension • Round Arch and Vault • Reinforced Concrete • Pointed Arch and Vault • Geodesic Domes • Dome • Green Architecture • Corbelled Arch and Dome • Balloon-Frame • Cast-Iron Construction