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Section 4.2

Section 4.2. Subatomic Particles and the Nuclear Atom. Objectives. Distinguish between the subatomic particles in terms of relative charge and mass Describe the structure of the nuclear atom, including the locations of the subatomic particles. Discovery of the Atom and its Particles.

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Section 4.2

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  1. Section 4.2 Subatomic Particles and the Nuclear Atom

  2. Objectives • Distinguish between the subatomic particles in terms of relative charge and mass • Describe the structure of the nuclear atom, including the locations of the subatomic particles

  3. Discovery of the Atom and its Particles

  4. Cathode Ray • Ray of radiation originating from the cathode (-) end of the tube • Stream of negatively charged particles

  5. J.J. Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model • English • First hint atom is made of smaller particles.

  6. Plum Pudding Model • Atoms were made from a positively chargedsubstance with negatively charged electrons scattered about • Raisins in pudding

  7. Thomson’s Ideas • Negative charges came from within atom • Particle smaller than atom exists • Atom divisible!

  8. Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment • Firing a stream of tiny positively charged particles at a thin sheet of gold foil (2000 atoms thick)

  9. Most of the alphas passed through without changing course • Some alphas bounced away from the gold sheet • positive charges repel positive charges

  10. Rutherford’s Conclusions • Gold atoms were mostly open space • Not plum pudding! • Atom had a small, dense, positively charged center that repelled his alphas • “Nucleus” • Nucleus is tiny compared to the atom as a whole

  11. Rutherford

  12. Subatomic Particles • Proton- positively charged; in nucleus • Neutron- no charge; in nucleus • Electron- negatively charged; orbit nucleus; make up volume of atom

  13. Assignment • For each of the following, give a description of their theory/model. Include the date: • Aristotle • Democritus • Dalton • Thomson • Rutherford

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