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Human Evolution

Human Evolution. Biology Mr. Young. Paleoanthropologist. Scientist that studies human evolution from fossils. Hominids. A group referring to humans and their early ancestors Classified on the ability to walk on 2 legs - bipedal.

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Human Evolution

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  1. Human Evolution Biology Mr. Young

  2. Paleoanthropologist • Scientist that studies human evolution from fossils

  3. Hominids • A group referring to humans and their early ancestors • Classified on the ability to walk on 2 legs - bipedal

  4. Similar characteristics of humans & other closely related organisms • Front facing eyes for 3-D vision

  5. Opposable thumb or big toe in other primates Similar characteristics of humans & other closely related organisms

  6. Similar characteristics of humans & other closely related organisms • Dental formula – or number and arrangement of teeth

  7. Large cranial capacities relative to body size and complex brain structure Similar characteristics of humans & other closely related organisms

  8. DNA that indicates a common ancestry between humans and chimpanzees less than 6 million years ago (recent history) Similar characteristics of humans & other closely related organisms

  9. Characteristics of Humans • Bipedalism – the ability to walk primarily on two legs as a result of “S” shaped pelvis and aligned toes • Quadrapedal – four limbs to walk

  10. Tim White 1995 • Found remains from 4.4 million years ago (?) • Ardipithecus ramidus • Unsure if bipedal hominid

  11. Found remains of hominid dating back 4.2 million years ago Australopithecus anamensis Head and neck similar to chimpanzee, bipedal Meave Leakey 1995

  12. Donald Johanson 1974 • Found remains of hominid dating to 3.2 million years ago • Australopithecus afarensis – southern ape of Afar Valley • “LUCY” • Bipedal, small cranium, about 3-4 feet tall

  13. Australopithecus Africans – hominid fro 2.3-3 million years ago Taller, heavier, and larger cranium Hominids

  14. Australopithecus robustus Australopithecus boisei – 1-2.6 million years ago Not human ancestors Slightly larger cranium than Africans

  15. Hominid from 1.6-2.5 million years ago Remains found with stone tools Believed to eat meat, enlarged brain for speech Homo habilis – handy man

  16. Homo erectus – upright human • Hominid from 1.8 million -50,000 years ago • Evidence of homo erectus found first in the Pacific Islands, named Turkana boy • Later in china, Europe and Africa • Thick skull, large brow ridge, small forehead, large protruding teeth ,large brain, tall, hunter, used fire to cook meat, lived in caves

  17. Homo neanderthals • Coexisted with Homo erectus & Homo sapiens Heavy bones, thick brow ridge, protruding teeth, larger brain than modern humans, average 5 feet tall, lived in caves, stone tools, clothing • Not human ancestors • Killed off quickly maybe by disease

  18. Early modern humans 35,000 years old Same sized brain, high forehead, now brow ridge, modern teeth about 6 feet tall Cro-Magnons

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