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Dive into the physical geography of Southeast Asia, from tectonic origins to diverse ecosystems and natural resources. Learn about landforms, climate patterns, rivers, and valuable minerals. Understand the fragile balance between urbanization and environmental preservation.

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Introduction Section 1:The Land Section 2:Climate and Vegetation Visual Summary Chapter Menu

  3. Millions of years ago, tectonic activity formed the landmasses of Southeast Asia. Straddling the Equator, the peninsulas and islands of the region stretch from the Asian mainland almost to Australia. A study of the physical geography of Southeast Asia will explain its beginnings, its natural barriers of mountains and water, its tempestuous volcanoes, and its abundant natural resources. Chapter Intro 1

  4. Section 1:The Land Physical processes shape Earth’s surface. Southeast Asia’s landmasses were formed millions of years ago by tectonic plate collisions and related volcanic eruptions. Chapter Intro 2

  5. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation The characteristics and distribution of ecosystems help people understand environmental issues. The climates of Southeast Asia support diverse ecosystems and natural habitats, some of which have already disappeared or are endangered because of logging and urbanization. Chapter Intro 3

  6. Chapter Preview-End

  7. The Land Southeast Asia’s landmasses were formed millions of years ago by tectonic plate collisions and related volcanic eruptions. Section 1-GTR

  8. The Land • cordillera • flora • fauna • archipelago • insular • predominantly • resource Section 1-GTR

  9. The Land A. Indochina Peninsula B. Malay Peninsula C. Annam Cordillera D. Ring of Fire E. Irrawaddy River F. Chao Phraya River G. Red River H. Mekong River Section 1-GTR

  10. A B C The Land Why is the Mekong River so important in this region? A.Source of life B.Dependable travel C.Both A and B apply Section 1

  11. Landforms Tectonic plate movement and volcanic activity created the landforms of Southeast Asia millions of years ago. • Peninsulas and islands: • Indochina Peninsula • Malay Peninsula Section 1

  12. Landforms (cont.) • About half of Southeast Asia’s 11 countries are on the mainland; the rest are island countries. • Island countries: • Brunei • East Timor • Indonesia • Singapore • Philippines Section 1

  13. Landforms (cont.) • Mountains dominate Southeast Asia, creating geographic and political boundaries: • Arakan Yoma range • Bilauktaung Range • Annam Cordillera Section 1

  14. Landforms (cont.) • Volcanoes: • Many of the mountains form part of the Ring of Fire. • 327 volcanoes stretch across Indonesia. Tectonic Activity in Southeast Asia Section 1

  15. A B C D Which volcano’s eruption was one of the twentieth century’s most powerful? A.Krakatau B.Mount Pinatubo C.Gunung Merapi D.Gunung Semeru Section 1

  16. Water Systems The rivers of Southeast Asia provide essential transportation routes of sediment deposits for rich, fertile soils. • Major rivers: • Irrawaddy • Chao Phraya • Red • Mekong Section 1

  17. A B C D E The people in this region depend on rivers for which of the following? A.Transportation B.Communication C.Food D.Farming E. All of the above Section 1

  18. Natural Resources Southeast Asia’s natural resources are as diverse as its physical features. • Fossil fuels: • Petroleum • Oil • Natural gas • Coal Section 1

  19. Natural Resources (cont.) • Minerals and gems: • Nickel • Iron • Copper • Tin • Sapphires and rubies • Pearls Section 1

  20. Natural Resources (cont.) • Flora and fauna: • Rafflesia arnoldii • Orchids • Rubber trees • Teak • Elephants, tigers, rhinoceroses, orangutans • Bearded pig, lacewing butterfly, Komodo dragon Section 1

  21. A B C D Which country is a member of OPEC? A.Vietnam B.Indonesia C.Borneo D.The Philippines Section 1

  22. Section 1-End

  23. Climate and Vegetation The climates of Southeast Asia support diverse ecosystems and natural habitats, some of which have already disappeared or are endangered because of logging and urbanization. Section 2-GTR

  24. Climate and Vegetation • endemic • compound • alternate Section 2-GTR

  25. Climate and Vegetation A. Shan Plateau B. New Guinea Section 2-GTR

  26. A B C D Climate and Vegetation Which type of climate dominates this region? A.Tropical wet B.Tropical dry C.Humid subtropical D.Highland Section 2

  27. Tropical Regions The tropical climates of Southeast Asia are extensive and support diverse ecosystems. • A tropical wet climate dominates island South Asia, while most parts of the mainland and some of the islands have a tropical dry or humid subtropical climate. Southeast Asia: Climate Regions Section 2

  28. A B C D Which city has transformed from a place of rain forests and mangrove trees to an urban area? A.Bangkok B.Singapore C.Hanoi D.Jakarta Section 2

  29. Midlatitude Regions In midlatitude regions of Southeast Asia, humid subtropical and highland climates support a variety of vegetation. • Humid subtropical • The Shan Plateau has lower temperatures than the rest of the country. Southeast Asia: Vegetation Section 2

  30. Midlatitude Regions (cont.) • Highland—Myanmar, New Guinea, and Borneo Section 2

  31. A B C D Which area in the midlatitude region is referred to as “tropical Scotland”? A.Vietnam B.The Shan Plateau C.The mountains of Borneo D.Laos Section 2

  32. Section 2-End

  33. A.Minerals and Gems • Indonesia and Malaysia are leading producers of tin. • Malaysia and Vietnam are rich in oil. • Sapphires and rubies are found in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. • Pearls are harvested in the Philippines. VS 1

  34. B.Mekong River • Begins in China and forms the border between Thailand and Laos • Sediment deposits build up delta. VS 2

  35. C.Fossil Fuels • Plentiful supply of coal, oil, and natural gas • Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia export large amounts of oil. • Coal comes from Vietnam and the Philippines. VS 3

  36. D.Malay Peninsula • Includes parts of Thailand and Malaysia • Surrounded by Gulf of Thailand and Strait of Malacca • Tropical wet climate VS 4

  37. E.Indochina Peninsula • Includes all of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar, and part of Thailand • Surrounded by South China Sea, Gulf of Thailand, and Andaman Sea • Major rivers of the region are located here. • Humid subtropical climate in the north, tropical wet and tropical dry in the south VS 5

  38. F.Mountains and Volcanoes • Dominate the region’s landscape and create geographic and political boundaries • Parallel ranges on the mainland • Mountains on islands form part of Ring of Fire; some are volcanoes. • Fertile, volcanic soil makes islands productive agricultural areas. VS 6

  39. G.Island Southeast Asia • Includes Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines • Series of archipelagoes that extend from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean • Many of the islands have not been named and are not inhabited. • Mostly tropical wet climate VS 7

  40. VS-End

  41. Figure 1

  42. Figure 2

  43. Figure 3

  44. DFS Trans 1

  45. DFS Trans 2

  46. cordillera parallel chains or ranges of mountains Vocab1

  47. archipelago a group or chain of islands Vocab2

  48. insular constituting an island, as in Java Vocab3

  49. flora the plant life of a region Vocab4

  50. fauna the animal life of a region Vocab5

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