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Ch 9. Network Management

Myungchul Kim mckim@icu.ac.kr. Ch 9. Network Management. Network management tools Detecting failure of an interface card at a host or a router Host monitoring Monitoring traffic to aid in resource deployment Detecting rapid change in routing tables Monitoring for Service Level Agreements

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Ch 9. Network Management

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  1. Myungchul Kim mckim@icu.ac.kr Ch 9. Network Management

  2. Network management tools • Detecting failure of an interface card at a host or a router • Host monitoring • Monitoring traffic to aid in resource deployment • Detecting rapid change in routing tables • Monitoring for Service Level Agreements • SLA: service availability (outage), latency, throughput, and outage notification requirements • Intrusion detection • Five areas of network management (by ISO) • Performance, fault, configuration, accounting, and security managements

  3. Definition of network management [Saydam 1996] • Network mangement includes the deployment, integration, and coordination of the hardware, software, and human elements to monitor, test, poll, configure, analyze, evaluate, and control the network and element resources to meet the real-time, operational performance, and Quality of Service requirements at a resonable cost.

  4. managing entity data data data data data agent agent agent agent Infrastructure for network management definitions: managing entity managed devices contain managed objects whose data is gathered into a Management Information Base (MIB) managed device network management protocol managed device managed device managed device

  5. The Internet-standard management framework • The framework • Definitions of network management objects: Management Information Base (MIB) • Data definition language known as SMI(Structure of Management Information) • Protocol: SNMP • Security and admininstration capabilities

  6. Purpose: syntax, semantics of management data well-defined, unambiguous base data types: straightforward, boring OBJECT-TYPE data type, status, semantics of managed object MODULE-IDENTITY groups related objects into MIB module SMI: data definition language Basic Data Types INTEGER Integer32 Unsigned32 OCTET STRING OBJECT IDENTIFIED IPaddress Counter32 Counter64 Guage32 Time Ticks Opaque

  7. SNMP Naming question: how to name every possible standard object (protocol, data, more..) in every possible network standard?? answer: ISO Object Identifier tree: • hierarchical naming of all objects • each branchpoint has name, number 1.3.6.1.2.1.7.1 udpInDatagrams UDP MIB2 management ISO ISO-ident. Org. US DoD Internet

  8. request managing entity managing entity data data agent agent SNMP protocol Two ways to convey MIB info, commands: trap msg response Managed device Managed device request/response mode trap mode

  9. SNMP security and administration • encryption: DES-encrypt SNMP message • authentication: compute, send MIC(m,k): compute hash (MIC) over message (m), secret shared key (k) • protection against playback: use nonce • view-based access control • SNMP entity maintains database of access rights, policies for various users • database itself accessible as managed object!

  10. a 00000011 00000001 a 00000001 00000011 The presentation problem Q: does perfect memory-to-memory copy solve “the communication problem”? A: not always! struct { char code; int x; } test; test.x = 256; test.code=‘a’ test.code test.x test.code test.x host 2 format host 1 format problem: different data format, storage conventions

  11. ASN.1: Abstract Syntax Notation 1 • ISO standard X.680 • used extensively in Internet • like eating vegetables, knowing this “good for you”! • defined data types, object constructors • like SMI • BER: Basic Encoding Rules • specify how ASN.1-defined data objects to be transmitted • each transmitted object has Type, Length, Value (TLV) encoding

  12. TLV encoding: example Value, 259 Length, 2 bytes Type=2, integer Value, 5 octets (chars) Length, 5 bytes Type=4, octet string

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