Presentation Transcript

1. And I Said Nothing First they came for the Communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist.  Then they came for the Jews, and I didn’t speak up because I wasn’t a Jew.  Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist.  Then they came for the Catholics, and I didn't speak up because I was a Protestant.  Then they came for me, and by that time no one was left to speak up.
2. 11 million people were exterminated
3. 6 million Jews5 million others1933 - 1945 “Work Shall Make You Free”
4. They were shot, starved, gassed and burned…
5. Defining the Holocaust HOLOCAUST (Heb., sho'ah) which originally meant a sacrifice totally burned by fire the annihilation of the Jews and other groups of people of Europe under the Nazi regime during World War II GENOCIDE: the systematic extermination of a nationality or group
6. Cold Hard Facts Casualties of the Holocaust: 63% of Jewish population in Europe killed 91% of Jewish population in Poland killed Auschwitz-Birkenau was liberated by Soviet troops on Jan. 27, 1945. The Soviets found 836255 women’s dresses, 348000 men’s suits, 38000 pairs of men’s shoes and 14000 pounds of human hair. But only 7650live prisoners
7. How did the Holocaust Happen? The Power of Words The Stages of Isolation The Bystander versusthe Collaborator Anti-Semitism
8. The Power of Words… “The great masses of the people will more easily fall victims to a big lie than a small one” “How fortunate for leaders that men do not think” The victor will never be asked if he told the truth” The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew” What do all these quotes have in common?
9. All Quotes of Adolf Hitler…
10. European Jewish Population in 1933 was 9,508,340
11. Estimated Jewish Survivors of Holocaust: 3,546,211
12. The Stages of Isolation The Holocaust was a progression of actions leading to the annihilation of millions by: 1: Stripping of Rights 2: Segregation 3: Concentration 4: Extermination
13. Stage 1: Stripping of Rights 1935: Nuremberg Laws stated that all JEWS were : stripped of German citizenship fired from jobs & businesses boycotted banned from German schools and universities Marriages between Jews and Aryans forbidden Forced to carry ID cards Passports stamped with a “J” forced to wear the arm band of the Yellow “Star of David” Jewish synagogues destroyed forced to pay reparations and a special income tax
14. Image: This flyer alerts non-Jews to the significance of the Star of David patch, which Jews were required to wear on their outer garments according to a decree of 1 September 1941. The slogan reads: “Whoever Wears This Sign is an Enemy of the People.” The flyer is also an example of “Weekly Slogans” (ParolenderWoche), which were published by the NSDAP's house publisher
15. Kristallnacht, 1938 In 1938, after a German embassy official in Paris was shot by a Polish-Jewish youth, the attack on German Jews became even more brutal. Seven thousand Jewish shops were looted; homes and synagogues set ablaze, and 20,000 Jews were arrested – many savagely beaten. This attack on the Jewish people became known as Kristallnacht – meaning the “night of broken glass” or “crystal night.” A huge fine was forced on the Jewish population and they were forced to clean up the mess.
16. Stage 2: Segregation GHETTOS Jews were forced to live in designated areas called “ghettos” to isolate them from the rest of society Nazis established 356 ghettos in Poland, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Hungary during WWII Ghettos were filthy, with poor sanitation and extreme overcrowding Disease was rampant and food was in such short supply that many slowly starved to death Warsaw, the largest ghetto, held 500,000 people and was 3.5 square miles in size ghetto clip from S.L.
17. Nazi ghettos were a preliminary step in the annihilation of the Jews, as the ghettos became transition areas, used as collection points for deportation to concentration & death camps
18. Stage 3: Concentration Camps essential to Nazi’s systematic oppression and eventual mass murder of enemies of Nazi Germany (Jews, Communists, homosexuals, opponents) Slave labor “annihilation by work” Prisoners faced undernourishment and starvation Prisoners transported in cattle freight cars Camps were built on railroad lines for efficient transportation emptying the ghetto clip from S.L.
19. Life in the Camps possessions were confiscated heads were shaved arms tattooed Prison uniforms Men, women and children were separated Survival based on trade skills / physical strength Unsanitary, disease ridden and lice infested barracks inhumane medical experiments Clip of life in camp from S.L.
20. Stage 4: Extermination Einsatzgruppen(mobile killing units) had began killing operations aimed at entire Jewish communities in the 1930s DEATH FACTORIES: Nazi extermination camps fulfilled the singular function of mass murder Euthanasia program: Nazi policy to eliminate “life unworthy of life” (mentally or physically challenged) to promote Aryan “racial integrity”
21. “FINAL SOLUTION” Wannsee Conference (Berlin -1942 ) established the “complete solution of the Jewish question” called for the complete and mass annihilation and extermination of the Jews as well as other groups Zyklon B gas became the agent in the mass extermination
22. Gas Chambers & Crematoriums Prisoners were sent to gas chambers disguised as showers Zyklon B gas used to gas people in 3 – 15 minutes Up to 8000 people were gassed per day at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest death camp with 4 operating gas chambers Gold fillings from victims teeth were melted down to make gold bards Prisoners moved dead bodies to massive crematoriums
23. Nearing the End of the War By 1945, the Nazis’ began to destroy crematoriums and camps as Allied troops closed in Death Marches (Todesmarsche): Between 1944-1945, Nazis ordered marches over long distances. Approximately 250 000 – 375 000 prisoners perished in Death Marches On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army entered Auschwitz (largest camp) and liberated more than 7,000 remaining prisoners, who were mostly ill and dying.
24. Nazis confiscated property of prisoners in storerooms nicknamed “Kanada” because the prisoners were told that they were going to be going to Canada and the sheer amount of loot stored there was associated with the riches of Canada.view side 2 of S.L.
25. How did Canada Respond? The St. Louis Affair Kristallnacht prompted many German Jews to emigrate (leave) Germany. 907 Jews paid a large sum of money to secure a spot on the SS St. Louis for safe passage from Germany to Cuba. Cuba turned them away; The ship headed north, and were rejected again by the Americans; Finally, the ship made its way to Canada, asking the Canadian government for safe haven;
26. Despite pressure, Mackenzie King refused to admit them. In fact, the immigration minister, when asked how many Jewish refugees Canada should allow to enter, responded by saying “None is too many”. The ship returned to Europe, where the passengers were sent to Holland, France, Great Britain, and Belgium. By the end of the war, over ½ of the 907 passengers had been killed in Nazi death camps.
27. This passport belonged to MargareteJacobsohn, who lived in the Franconian town of Bamberg. She and her husband, Erich Jacobsohn, were able to emigrate from Germany on 13 May 1939, aboard the SS St Louis. When the ship was forced to return to Europe, the Jacobsohns were given refuge in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, then in an internment camp at Heijplatte. In November 1939, their quota number for immigration to the United States came up, and in January 1940 the Jacobsohns were able to leave again for America. In May 1940, the Netherlands were overrun by German forces, which brought all further emigration from the Netherlands to an end.. By then, the Jacobsohns had already landed in Hoboken, New Jersey (9 Feburary 1940). Note the large “J” stamped on the left-hand page. This of course identified bearer as a Jew. Notice also that her name is given as "Margarete Sara Jacobsohn." Under the “The Second Executive Order on the Law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names,” all Jewish women not having discernibly “Jewish” names were required to adopt the middle name “Sara”; similalry-named men were required to take the name “Israel.”
28. Swastika: A Symbol of Good or Evil? the swastika is an ancient Indian symbol (Sanskrit) that is over 3,000 years old meaning well being, life and good luck, prosperity the swastika is sacred religious symbol for Hindus, Jains and Buddhists Common symbol in ancient civilizations (Mesopotamia, India, China, Central and South America (Maya) In 1920, Adolf Hitler decided that the Nazi Party needed its own insignia and flag and chose the swastika to represent the mission of the struggle for the victory of the Aryan man Because of the Nazis' flag, the swastika soon became a symbol of hate, anti-Semitism, violence, death, and murder.
29. Holocaust Art
30. Aftermath Nuremberg Trials: 1945-1949 were trials for war crimes of Nazi officials 21 Nazi officials were tried; 3 were acquitted, 7 were given prison sentences, and 12 were sentenced to death Displaced Persons Yom ha-Shoah: Holocaust Remembrance Day established in 1951 Anti-Semitismin the world today
31. The Forgotten FIVE million Non-Jewish Civilians were also murdered during the Holocaust.
32. RED badges were for political prisoners. GREEN badges were for habitual criminals/those already imprisoned. BLUE badges were for foreign forced labourers/emigrants. PURPLE badges were for Jehovah’s Witnesses and other “Bible Students”. PINK badges were for homosexuals and other sexual offenders, such as rapists and pedophiles. BLACK badges were for “Asocials”, including: the mentally retarded, the mentally ill, alcoholics, vagrants and beggars, pacifists, conscription resisters, prostitutes, some anarchists. BROWN badges were for gypsies. YELLOW badges were for the Jews. A YELLOW inverted triangle superimposed over a BLACK triangle was an Aryan female race defiler – a woman who married a Jew. Voided black inverted triangle superimposed over a yellow triangle—a Jew convicted of miscegenation and labeled as a "race defiler“.
33. For their Religious Beliefs, They Stood Firm – the Jehovah Witnesses Every European country, even Germany, had those who did not believe in the Nazi ideology and who were willing to die for their beliefs.  Perhaps no other group stood so firmly in their beliefs as the Jehovah Witnesses.  Hitler felt particularly threatened by this strong group of Christians because they, from the very beginning, refused to recognize any God other than Jehovah.  When asked to sign documents of loyalty to the Nazi ideology, they refused.  Jehovah Witnesses were forced to wear purple armbands and thousands were imprisoned as "dangerous" traitors because they refused to take a pledge of loyalty to the Third Reich.
34. For their Race they were Executed – the Gypsies Like the Jews, the Rom Gypsies were chosen for total annihilation just because of their race.  Even though Jews are defined by religion, Hitler saw the Jewish people as a race that he believed needed to be completely annihilated.  Like the Jews, the Rom Gypsies also were a nomadic people that were persecuted throughout history.  Both groups were denied certain privileges in many European countries.  The Germans believed both the Jews and the Gypsies were also moved into special areas set up by the Nazis.  Half a million Gypsies, almost the entire Eastern European Gypsy population, was wiped out during the Holocaust.
35. Men and Women of Courage From All Nations – the Resisters Every European nation had its courageous resisters.  Poland's Underground Army - made up of children, teenagers, and regular men and women - was responsible for defending the lives of thousands of its Jewish and non-Jewish citizens.  Many were killed for their acts of courage against the Nazis.  Even though most German citizens were supportive of Hitler's plan to control Europe, there were German citizens who died because they refused to go along with Hitler's plan.
36. Priests and Pastors Died for their Beliefs Hitler wanted no only to conquer all of Europe, he also wanted to create a new religion and replace Jesus Christ as a figure of worship.  Hitler expected his followers to worship the Nazi ideology.  Since Catholic priests and Christian pastors were often influential leaders in their community, they were sought out by the Nazi very early.  Thousands of Catholic priest and Christian pastors were forced into concentration camps.  A special barracks was set up at Dachau, a camp near Munich, Germany, for clergymen.  A few survived; some were executed, but most were allowed to die slowly of starvation and disease.
37. Pink Triangle for Homosexuals Because Hitler's plan for a great master race had no room for any homosexuals, many males from all nations, including Germany, were persecuted, tortured and executed.  Hitler even searched his own men and found suspected homosexuals that were then sent to concentration camps wearing their SS uniforms and medals.  The homosexual inmates were forced to wear pink triangles on their clothes so they could be easily recognized and further humiliated inside the camps.  Between 5000 to 15 000 homosexuals died in concentration camps during the Holocaust.
38. No Place for the Disabled The Nazis decided that it was a waste of time and money to support the disabled.  During Hitler's "cleansing program", thousands of people with various handicaps were deemed useless and simply put to death like dogs and cats.
39. Sterilization for Black Children Prior to WWI, there were very few dark-skinned people of African descent in Germany.  But, during World War I, black African soldiers were brought in by the French during the Allied occupation.  Most of the Germans, who were very race conscious, despised the dark-skinned "invasion".  Some of these black soldiers married white German women that bore children referred to as "Rhineland Bastards" or the "Black Disgrace".  In Mein Kampf, Hitler said he would eliminate all children born of African German descent because he considered them an "insult" to the German nation.
40. Death or Divorce - A Choice for Many Many husbands and wives of Jews in Germany were forced to choose between divorce or concentration camps.  Hitler would not allow "interracial" marriages.  Those that chose to remain married were punished by imprisonment in camps where many died.
41. Jewish Converts- No Matter to the Nazi Regime What happened to former Jews who converted to Christianity?  In German occupied Poland, a Jew who converted to Christianity was considered to be still a Jew.  The Warsaw Ghetto had a special section for such converts and there was even a Catholic Church that served them.  It is believed that they shared the fate of all the other Jews.
42. Why do we remember the holocaust?