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Faclon Conference, Oslo Lessons learnt from the Manukau Family Literacy Program (MFLP) in New Zealand: programs, impact and evaluations. Dr John Benseman The University of Auckland. AOTEAROA LAND OF THE LONG WHITE CLOUD. Norway – New Zealand. New Zealand 13 people per sq km, Norway 14
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Faclon Conference, OsloLessons learnt from the Manukau Family Literacy Program (MFLP) in New Zealand: programs, impact and evaluations Dr John Benseman The University of Auckland
AOTEAROA LAND OF THE LONG WHITE CLOUD
Norway – New Zealand • New Zealand 13 people per sq km, Norway 14 • New Zealand 12 sheep per person; Norway, only .25! • Isolation: • Australia is 4 hours away by plane • Norway 30 hours..
Social distinctiveness • Maori (15%) have Treaty with Crown – major influence on policy and practice • Pasifika (6%), Asian (8%) • Increasing cultural diversity
NZ International Adult Literacy Survey, 1996 • 20% (600,000) at Level 1, 25% at Level 2 (750,000) • Only 20% at Levels 4/5 • Over-representation of Maori, Pasifika, NESB, older, low-quals, low-schooling in lower levels • Similar to Australia, UK & US, worse than Netherlands & Sweden
Family Literacy - assumptions • Greater benefits for learners than with child-only + adult-only programs • Children struggling with literacy come from homes where parents do too • Parents are more effective with their children when their own learning needs addressed
Family Literacy in New Zealand • A number of different models operating, but most have: • low program intensity • short program duration • minimal parent education component • Now recognised in educational policy • Links well with national school policy around ‘learning communities’
MFLP • City of Manukau Education Trust (COMET) • COMET Literacy Taskforce • Visit of Bonnie Lash Freeman (NCFL) • Feasibility study • 2 pilot sites, each involving an early childhood centre, a primary school & a tertiary institution • Rowandale • Bairds Otara (both Decile 1A areas)
Kenan Model of FL Adult literacy Child literacy Parent & child Together PACT Parent education
What happens at MFLP? • Parent and one child enrol • Children attend school or ECE • Parents on-site at school for 30 hours per week • Parents enrolled in tertiary course • 30 weeks duration
Parents and Child Together Time (PACTT) • Parent goes to child’s class for 20 mins. per day • Works with child on curriculum • Parent prepares for PACTT & review in adult class • Focus on child development & key areas of literacy • Class PACTT once a month • Whanau PACTT once a term
70 participants in 2 programs • overwhelmingly female, average age of 33 • children average age 5 • 2/3 Pasifika, almost all the rest Maori • 70% had no school qualifications, most had no post-school qualifications • Most in unskilled or semi-skilled work or not in paid work prior to course
Impact of MFLP • Foundation skill gains for adults & children • Builds parents’ levels of self-confidence and self-efficacy • Raise and identify long-term aims for education and employment • Encourage parents’ involvement in their children’s education • Explore and adopt new parenting skills • Build learning communities among parents, their children and participating institutions
Issues arising for MFLP • Working across educational boundaries • Co-ordination of partners • Ownership of program • Funding of the tertiary component • Recruiting staff • Selection & recruitment of participants • Duration of program • Where does FL ‘fit’?
‘Drop ‘n go’ Fund-raising activities Parent help School/ECE events Family literacy Board of trustees/ EC management committee Teacher aide work School/ECE trips Parent/teacher meetings
MFLP lessons learnt • Importance of lead agency • Centrality of teacher in multiple roles • Support from partner institutions • Importance of networks • Physical facilities • Momentum is important
Evaluating programs • Need to be realistic, not fairy stories.. • Objectivity, credibility • Need to be useful to: • Programs • Funders • Policy-makers • Reports are readable • Widely distributed, especially to decision-makers
Value of evaluation • Provide insight and feedback • Link to ‘the bigger picture’ through research literature • Provides useful benchmarks for the program • Provides a networking tool • INFLUENCES POLICY-MAKERS & POLITICIANS • Helps influences funding guidelines • HELPS SECURE FUNDING
Evaluation issues • Convincing funders of the need for evaluation • Retaining a discreet distance from the program & yet, intimate enough for credibility • Measuring learner outcomes • Need for innovative approaches
More information • Further information about MFLP reports: www.comet.org.nz • Cain Johnson, A. & Benseman, J. (2005) Adult literacy in New Zealand in Comings,J., Garner, B. & Smith, C (Eds) Review of adult learning and literacy, Vol 5, pp 155-186. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum