1 / 44

Plate Tectonics and Mineralization

Plate Tectonics and Mineralization. Structural features of the Earth Major plates & Plate boundaries Plate tectonic cycle Mineralization. Lithosphere vs Asthenosphere. Conservative (Transform). Divergent. Convergent. 3 Types of Plate Boundaries. Divergent Boundaries.

velma
Download Presentation

Plate Tectonics and Mineralization

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Plate Tectonics and Mineralization • Structural features of the Earth • Major plates & Plate boundaries • Plate tectonic cycle • Mineralization

  2. Lithosphere vs Asthenosphere

  3. Conservative (Transform) Divergent Convergent 3 Types of Plate Boundaries

  4. Divergent Boundaries Conservative

  5. Convergent Boundaries

  6. Transform Boundaries

  7. Plate Motion

  8. Hot spot and origin of island chains

  9. Intra-plate Volcanism (Hot Spots)

  10. Continental Drift & Sea-floor Spreading

  11. Plate Tectonics’ Cycle

  12. Plate Tectonics and Rock Cycle

  13. Mineralization and Divergent Boundary (Mid-oceanic ridge)

  14. Submarine hydrothermal vent or “Black Smoker”

  15. Cyprus type: associated with tholeiitic basalts in ophiolite sequences copper rich withgold. e.g. Troodos Massif (Cyprus). Besshi-type: associated with volcanics and continental turbidites, copper/zinc with gold and silver.e.g. Sanbagwa (Japan). Kuroko-type: associated with felsic volcanics particularly rhyolite domes copper/zinc/lead with gold and silver, e.g. Kuroko deposits (Japan).

  16. Ophiolites are pieces of oceanic plate that have been thrusted (obducted) onto the edge of continental plates.They provide models for processes at mid-ocean ridges.

  17. Ophiolites are thought to represent slices of oceanic crust that have been thrust or obducted onto a continental margin during collision. They are characterised by a sequence of rock types, consisting of deep sea sediments overlying basaltic pillow lavas, sheeted dykes, gabbros and peridotites.

  18. Ophiolite Complex Pillow Basalts Sheeted dikes (Diabase) Gabbros Peridotites

  19. Podiform chromite deposits are irregular but fundamentally lenticular chromite-rich bodies that occur within Alpine peridotite or ophiolite complexes. Thus, they generally occur in orogenic settings.

  20. Chromite: FeCr2O4 Podiform chromite deposit, Cyprus

  21. Mineralization at Convergent Boundaries Geological Processes Calcalkaline Magma Series Volcano-plutonic complexes Subaerial / Submarine volcanism Porhyry / Massive sulphide deposits Plutonism: Granitic batholiths / Stocks Pegmatitic/ Hydrothermal / Skarn / Greisen/ deposits Regional Metamorphism (High P/ Low T and Low P/High T ) Some gemstone deposits e.g. jade and corundum

  22. The ASARCO Mission Mine near Tucson, Arizona

  23. Detailed Cross - Section of a Porphyry Copper Deposit

  24. Intraplate Mineralization

  25. Lopolith Sill Bushveld stratiform chromite deposit

  26. Schematic model of a fully grown kimberlite pipe

  27. MASTER LIST OF ALL DEPOSIT GROUPS A - Organic B - Residual/Surficial C - Placer D - Continental Sediments and Vocanics E - Sediment-Hosted F - Chemical Sediment G - Marine Volcanic Association H - Epithermal I - Vein, Breccia and Stockwork J - Manto K - Skarn L - Porphyry M - Ultramafic / Mafic N - Carbonatites O - Pegmatite P - Metamorphic-hosted Q - Gems and Semi-precious Stones R - Industrial Rocks S - Other

  28. Genetic Classifications of Mineral Deposits • Syngenetic deposits • layered mafic intrusion type deposits • volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits • sedimentary massive sulphide deposits • placer deposits • Epigenetic • porphyry deposits • skarn deposits • pegmatitic deposits • hydrothermal deposits

  29. Classifications Based on Geological Processes Hydrothermal/Pegmatitic mineral deposits form in association with hot water- or gas-rich fluids Magmatic mineral deposits concentrated in igneous rocks; Metamoprhogenic mineral deposits concentrated by metamorhism / metasomatism Sedimentary mineral deposits are precipitated from a solution, typically sea water; Placer minerals are sorted and distributed by flow of water (or ice); Residual mineral deposits formed by weathering reactions at the earth's

  30. Classifications Based on Host Lithology • Unconsolidated Deposits • Sedimentary Rocks • Volcanic Rocks • Intrusive Rocks • Regionally Metamorphosed Rocks

More Related