普通名词

1. 个体名词：tree, city, teacher 集体名词：class, family, society 普通名词 物质名词：paper, bread, light 名 词 抽象名词：truth, health, music 专有名词: English, the United Nations, Zhongshan Park

2. 物质名词量的表示法 • a piece of news, two sheets of paper, two sets of furniture • c.f. three boxes of eggs, two bunches of flowers

3. 名词所有格 • Alice’s paintings • New Year’s Day • at the barber’s • five minutes’ talk c.f. a five-minute talk • the window of the room （无生命东西的名词） • the death of Dr. Norman Bethune ( 名词本身较长) • What’s the name of the student sitting near the window?（名词的定语较长）

4. 名词双重所有格 • 当a， an, this, that，these, those, some, any, several, no, every, such, another, which, what等与名词所有格共同修饰一个名词时， 两者不能同时都放在该名词前面，而要用双重所有格表示。 • He is a friend of my father’s • This is no fault of John’s • c.f. a picture of his brother’s • a picture of his brother

5. 名词的单复数 1. 可数名词的复数形式： • desk---- desks • class---- classes • factory---- factories • hero---- heroes c.f photo--- photos • leaf--- leaves knife--- knives c.f. roof--- roofs chief---- chiefs

6. 2. 不规则形式： • foot---feet woman--- women tooth--- teeth • a sheep ---- two sheep a deer ---- two deer • an aircraft--- three aircraft • a Chinese--- many Chinese • a Frenchman--- two Frenchmen • a German--- five Germans • looker-on---- lookers-on • father-in-law --- fathers-in-law • grown –up ----- grown ups • man doctor ---- men doctors

7. 名词的用法 • 主语：The children are playing under the tree. • 宾语: a) She opens the window at five every morning. b) He looks after the child. • 表语 Her daughter is a singer. • 宾补 They name the boy Tom. • 主补 He is considered an excellent writer. • 定语 That is a bicycle factory.

8. 名词的主谓一致 • The class is for the plan. • The class are waiting for her. • The savings are for your future use. • The scissors are very sharp. • A pair of scissors is in the drawer. • The cattle are gazing at the foot of the hill. • The police are gathering in the street. • A policeman is asking him several questions.

9. A deer is over there in the bush. • Three deer are appearing over there in the bush. • Five hundred dollars a month is not much. • Mr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons, is to arrive on the evening flight. • The manager as well as his colleagues was present at the meeting. • The owner and editor of the newspaper is a friend of mine. • The old lead a happy life.

10. 就近原则 • Fans or an air-conditioner is necessary for the laboratory. • Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. • Not only the workers but the manager objects to the change. • There’s a book, two pencils and some paper on the desk.