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ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY. Chapter 20. Chemotherapeutic Agents. Chemotherapeutic Agents Any chemical agent used in medical practice Antimicrobial A gents Chemical agents used to treat disease caused by microbial Antibiotics Microbial-produced chemical that inhibits growth of or kills other.

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ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

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  1. ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY Chapter 20

  2. Chemotherapeutic Agents • Chemotherapeutic Agents • Any chemical agent used in medical practice • Antimicrobial Agents • Chemical agents used to treat disease caused by microbial • Antibiotics • Microbial-produced chemical that inhibits growth of or kills other

  3. Spectrum of Activity

  4. Drug Mechanisms of Action • Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis • Disruption of Cell Membrane Function • Inhibition of Protein Synthesis • Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis • Antimetabolites

  5. Summary of Targets Antisense Drugs

  6. Side Effects • Toxicity to liver, kidney, bone marrow, ear • Allergy • Disruption of microflora

  7. Mechanisms of Drug Resistance • Enzyme destruction of drugs • Compete for entry to the cell • Rapid efflux of the drugs • Alteration of the target sites

  8. Limiting Drug Resistance • Effective Drug Concentrations • Simultaneous Drug Administration • Synergism • Antagonism • Restricting Drug Prescriptions • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/lessons/lesson6/act1notes.html

  9. Determining Microbial Sensitivities • Disk Diffusion Method • Dilution Method • Serum Killing Power • Automated Methods

  10. Solubility Selective toxicity Allergenicity Tissue stability Not Resistant Shelf Life Cost Ideal Antimicrobial Attributes

  11. Antibacterials — Cell Wall Target • Penicillins • Cephalosporins • Vancomycin • Bacitracin • G+

  12. Antibacterials — Cell Membrane Target • Polymyxins: G-

  13. Antibacterials — Protein Synthesis Inhibition • Streptomycin • Tetracyclines • Chloramphenicol • Erythromycin Broad Spectrum

  14. Antibacterials — Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibition • Rifampin • RNA synthesis inhibitor • Tuberculosis • Meningcoccal • Quinolones • DNA synthesis inhibitor • Malaria • Urinary tract

  15. Antibacterials — Antimetabolites • Sulfonamides • Folic acid • Isoniazid • Vt B6, niacin (nicotinamide) • Ethambutol • Unknown • Nitrofurans

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