Financing provisions for technologies for adaptation under the UNFCCC: the role of the GEF

1. Financing provisions for technologies for adaptation under the UNFCCC: the role of the GEF UNFCCC Seminar on Technology Transfer for Adaptation Tobago (June 14-16, 2005) Prepared by Bonizella Biagini Ph.D Global Environment Facility

2. Climate Convention Guidance on Adaptation to the GEF • Staged approach (11/CP.1) COP1 • Stage I : planning, studies (COP1) • Stage II : measures, including capacity building (COP4) • COP7, Marrakech Accords • Pilot & Demonstration Projects (COP7) => Strategic Priority “Piloting an Operational Approach to Adaptation” (5/CP.7 and 6/CP.7) • 3 New Funds (COP7, Marrakech accords): • Least Developing Country Fund (LDCF- UNFCCC) ( preparation and implementation of NAPAs) • Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF – UNFCCC) • Adaptation Fund (Kyoto Protocol)

3. UNFCCC guidance (continues) • COP9 (Milan, 2003) Guidance to the GEF on how to operationalize the SCCF (5/CP.9) => GEF programming paper Initial guidance to operationalize the LDCF (6/CP.9) • SBI22 (Bonn, a few weeks ago) => Agreement on the LDCF

4. GEF Adaptation Program: Evolution and Overview • Staged approach (COP1, COP4) => Enabling Activities • Implementation (COP7 – COP9) => Strategic Priority on Adaptation (SPA) Trust Fund => LDC Fund (UNFCCC) => SCCF Fund (UNFCCC) $110 M currently available for adaptation => Adaptation Fund (Kyoto Protocol)

5. GEF support to adaptation technology transfer-related activities: EAs, project implementation, new funds • National Communications (V&A component) => Selected Projects: Vulnerability and Adaptation to climate change (in the context of National Communications) • => Initial support for NAPA preparation (for LDCs under the LDCF)

6. List of selected EA projects • CPACC -- Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to Climate Change (regional, WB) $6.5 M (GEF) • PICCAP -- Pacific Islands Climate Change Assistance Programme (regional, UNDP) $3.44 M (GEF) • MACC -- Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate in the Caribbean (regional, WB -- builds on CPACC) $5.345 M • Capacity Building for Stage II Adaptation to climate change in Central America (regional, UNDP) $3.315 M • AIACC -- Assessments of Impacts of and Adaptation to Climate Change in Multiple Regions and Sectors (global, UNEP) $7.5 M (GEF) • China: Targeted Research Related to Climate Change (UNDP) $1.72M (GEF)

7. Implementation: accessing funds under the Strategic Priority “Piloting an Operational Approach to Adaptation” (SPA) Projects submitted under the SPA will: • “Show how adaptation planning and assessment can be practically translated into projects that will provide real benefits” (5/CP.7) • $50 million allocation (GEF Business Plan, November 2003) • Operational guidelines – GEF Assistance to Address Adaptation (GEF Council, May 2004)

8. GEF Adaptation Pipeline (SPA) • Kiribati Adapt. Project (KAP) (GEF $1.5 M) WB • Colombia Integrated National Adaptation Pilot: High Mountain Ecosystems, Colombia’s Caribbean Insular Areas, and Human Health (INAP) (GEF $4M) WB • Regional (Caribbean) Implementation of Pilot Adaptation Measures in coastal areas of Dominica, St. Lucia and St. Vincent & the Grenadines (GEF $1.9M) WB

9. GEF Adaptation Pipeline (SPA)(continues) • Regional (West Africa) Responding to Shoreline Change (GEF $4M) UNDP countries include: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania,Cape Verde • Global: Community-Based Adaptation Program (pilot in Bangladesh, Bolivia, Niger and Samoa) (GEF $5M) UNDP • Regional, Africa: Coping with Drought and Climate Change (GEF $4M) countries include: Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique and Zimbabwe • MSPs • Lake Balaton, Hungry • ALM, global -- pilot in Asia

10. LDCF and SCCF • LDC Fund (GEF paper, November 2004) implementation of NAPAs (urgent and immediate needs) • Special Climate Change Fund (GEF programming paper, November 2004) (a) top priority: adaptation Areas: Water, land management, agriculture, health, infrastructure development, fragile ecosystems, integrated coastal zone management (longer term approach and strategy) (b) second priority: technology transfer => Complementarity of the funds => Concept of additional cost

11. Comparison of SPA, LDCF and SCCF

12. Examples of sliding scale Proposed sliding scale for the LDCF < $ 250,000 up to 75% < $ 2 M up to 50% $ 2 > 5 M up to 33% < $5 M up to 20% Proposed sliding scale for the SCCF > $1 M => up to 50% $1 > 5 M => up to 33% < $5M => up to 25%

13. Status of the new funds • LDCF – already operational • Total pledges $32.5 million • allocation for preparation of NAPAs $12 million • available for implementation of NAPAs $21.5 • additional pledges are expected • SCCF – opening for operations: Pipeline 21 • Total pledges: $34 million ($1M for TT) • TNAs as the basis for TT activities • additional pledges are expected

14. Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol(future steps) • Adaptation Fund • 2% proceeds from the Clean Development Mechanism • Managed by the GEF

15. Observations • Adaptation interventions are effective when integrated into development plans, projects and programs • The GEF adaptation program and related portfolio does not include stand-alone adaptation projects • Similarly, technology transfer for adaptation has been considered within the broader context of adaptation programs, and not as a stand-alone activity

16. Thank you GEF Adaptation-related papers www.thegef.org GEF projects database: www.gefonline.org