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MUSSOLINI

MUSSOLINI. OVERVIEW.

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MUSSOLINI

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  1. MUSSOLINI

  2. OVERVIEW • Benito Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism. he became the Prime Minister of Italy in 1922 and began using the title Il Duce by 1925. after 1936, his official title was "His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government, Duce of Fascism, and Founder of the Empire". Mussolini also created and held the supreme military rank of First Marshal of the Empire along with King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, which gave him and the King joint supreme control over the military of Italy. Mussolini remained in power until he was replaced in 1943; for a short period after this until his death he was the leader of the Italian Social Republic. 

  3. Strengths • In March 1919, Mussolini formed the Fascist Party, galvanising the support of many unemployed war veterans. He organised them into armed squads known as Black Shirts, who terrorised their political opponents. • The Black Shirts marched on Rome and Mussolini presented himself as the only man capable of restoring order. King Victor Emmanuel invited Mussolini to form a government.  • He set about attempting to re-establish Italy as a great European power. The regime was held together by strong state control and Mussolini's cult of personality. • In 1935, Mussolini invaded Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and incorporated it into his new Italian Empire.

  4. Weaknesses • His declaration of war on Britain and France in June 1940 exposed Italian military weakness and was followed by a series of defeats in North and East Africa and the Balkans. • In July 1943, Allied troops landed in Sicily. Mussolini was overthrown and imprisoned by his former colleagues in the Fascist government. • The German army began the occupation of Italy and Mussolini was rescued by German commandos. He was installed as the leader of a new government, but had little power.  • Mussolini fled towards Switzerland. He was captured by Italian partisans and shot on 28 April 1945.

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