What is ACCENT?

4. What is ACCENT? Intonation (Speech Music) Liaisons (Word Connections) ACCENT Pronunciation (Spoken Sounds)

5. AMERICAN CONSONANTS

6. AMERICAN CONSONANTS Behind the teeth At the Lips In the throat unvoiced voiced unvoiced voiced unvoiced voiced t- d p - b k - g ch- j f - v h - - l - m - ng - n - w - r s- z sh- zh - y

7. AMERICAN T 1. T at the beginning of a word – T is pronounced T as in Ted or Italian (clear popped sound) Examples: tell Tina tailor till trousers Top take tomorrow try Todd Practice: 1. It took Tim to try ten times to try the telephone. 2. Stop touching Ted’s shoes. 3. Tell Tina’s tailor to take two tucks in the top of Tim’s trousers tomorrow. 4. We try and try, but Todd still tells us to try harder. 5. Ted took ten tomatoes.

8. 2. With a stressed T and ST, TS, TR, CT, LT and sometimes NT combinations, T is (T) Examples: content contract state bits Octave built silt train Practice: 1. He was content with the contract. 2. His voice is an octave state. 3. The silt built will last for any train.

9. 3. T replaces D in the past tense. After an unvoiced consonant sound – f, k, p,s ,ch, sh, th –except T. Examples: laughed picked hoped raced watched washed unearthed raised judged smoothed Exceptions: wicked, naked. crooked Practice: 1. Sonny laughed hard after being watched. 2. Raised dogs were picked smoothly.

10. 4. T at the middle of the word. – T is pronounced as D as in (Idaly) for Italy Examples: Matty city Letty What a Totally bought a Katie lot of Cottage daughter data got a Practice: 1. What a totally naughty little daughter. 2. Matty got a little cottage in the city. 3. Letty bought a lot of bottles for Katie. 4. Katie got a data about the cottage in the city with Letty her daughter.

11. 5. T at the bottom of the word. – T is not pronounced at all like (ho) for hot. Examples: Matt Pat set went Got rat put lot Practice: 1. She hit the hot hut with her hat. 2. We went to that Net site to get what we needed. 3. Matt got to put Jim’s pet rat back in the cage. 4. Pat set the date with Kate.

12. 6. The Held T before N - you need a sharp upward sliding intonation up to the held T, then a quick drop for the N. Examples: written mitten patent sentence Martin mutant forgotten bitten latent certain button mountain Curtain kitten fountain cotton Practice: 1. He’s forgotten the carton of satin mittens. 2. She’s certain that he has written it. 3. The cotton curtain is not the fountain. 4. The mutant went in the mountains. 5. Martin has gotten a kitten. 6. Britney study Latin in Britain 7. Whitney has a patent on those sentences. 8. He has not forgotten what was written about the mutant on the mountain. 9. It is not certain that it was gotten from the fountain. 10. You need to put an orange cotton curtain on that window.

13. 7. The T held after N - it becomes a silent T (T and N are so close to the mouth that they simply disapper). Examples:interview interface internet interstate Interrupt interfere interactive international Advantage percentage twenty printout Printer winter enter vintage Practice: 1. He had a great interview. 2. Try to enter the information. 3. Turn the printer on. 4. Finish the printing. 5. She’s at the international center. 6. It’s twenty degrees in Toronto. 7. I don’t understand it. 8. She invented it in Santa Monica. 9. He can’t even do it. 10. They don’t have even want it.

14. The L – the tip of the tongue is securely touching the roof of the mouth behind the teeth, but the sides of the tongue are dropped down and tensed. Unlike : 1. Compared to T and D – produced by allowing a puff of air to come out over the tip of the tongue. They are plosives. 2. N is nasal. The tongue completely blocks all air from leaving through the mouth, allowing it to come only through the nose. Examples of comparison: At the beginning of a word: Law gnaw taw daw Low know toe dough Lee knee tea D At the middle of a word: Belly Benny Betty Caller Conner cotter Alley Annie’s at ease At the end of the word: Hole hold hone hoed Call called con cod

15. The invisible R. R takes place behind almost closed lips – back down in the throat. Like L has a slight schwa sound in it. It complements almost every vowel sounds. Examples: greek, green, grass, grow, crow, cork, coral, cur, curl, girl. Gorilla, Her, ergo, error, mirror, were, war, gore, wrong, wringer, church, pearl

16. TH – Tee Aitch – not found in Filipino language. The voiced TH is like a D, but instead of being in back of the teeth, its ¼ inch lower and forward, between the teeth. The unvoiced TH is like an S between the teeth. Think of a snake tongue. It darts out between your teeth and snaps back very quickly – thing that this. Voiced Unvoiced The those them they that theirs than thin thick throng thermometer

17. V as in Victory – it shouldn’t stand out too much. Confused V: 1. W – semi vowel, no friction or contact. 2. B – like P, uses both lips and has a slight pop. But B is voiced compared to P. 3. F has the same position with V but F is a hiss sound while V is a buzz. Comparison: P B F V W Perry berry fairy very wary Pat bat fat vat wax Paul ball fall vault wall Pig big fig vim wig Prayed braid frayed weighed Poi boy foil avoid Pull bull full wool Purr burr fur verb were

18. Between B and V 1. Betty bought a bit of better butter. It is evident that Vera was valuable. 2. Ben believes Bill broke Bob’s box. Cliff Claven was available for every version. 3. Billions of bagels are being baked in Brooklyn. The navy revoked his visa for obvious reasons. 4. Babies babble and blow bubbles. Beavers give the environment per valuable dams.

19. Between P and F - P is a popping sound while F is a hiss sound and held at the middle of the mouth. F P F P Difficult typical deaf tape Calf cap cough cop Left leapt fat pet Often open half and happen Stuff stop Steph step Enough and up laugh lap Coffee copy free pre Practice 1. Peter picked a peck of pickled peppers. Fred forgot to fry fish 2. Its not important to provide perfect principles for young people. Few friends fail to fight. 3. Hopscoth, lollipops, hoolahoops, and posicles keep a little nipper happy. Only a fool feeds fugu to friends.

20. S and Z – ESS OR ZEE - the sound of letter S is only S if it follows an unvoiced consonant. Otherwise, it becomes a Z in disguise. When an S follows a vowel, a voiced consonant or another S, it turns into a Z. S Z S Z Price prize close to close Peace peas use to use S Z S Z Place plays rice rise Ice eyes pace pays His his lacey lazy Books waxes maps pencils Months dogs hats trains Pops oranges bats clothes ------------------

21. THE NASAL CONSONANTS 1. {m} is the easiest and most obvious. Like b, the lips come together, the air cant get out, so it has to come out through the nose. 2. {n} is in a position similar to t, but cant be at all tense. It has to be relaxed, filling the whole mouth, touching the teeth inside, leaving no air to escape except through the nose. 3. {ng} is back with the throat. The back of the tongue presses back and again, the air comes out through the nose. M N NG Rum run rung Sum sun sung Bum bun bung Tum ton tongue Dumb done dung Psalm sawn song

22. THE AMERICAN X - The letter X can sound like either KS or GZ, depending on the letter that follows the X and where the stress falls. {KS} - followed by the letter C or other unvoiced consonants examples: excite, extra, exercise, experience, except, execute, excellent {GZ} - Followed by a vowel and usually stressed on the second syllable examples: example, exist, exam, exert, examine, executive, exit, exactly