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Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
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Introduction to Consciousness States of Consciousness Sleep and Dreaming Altered States of Consciousness How Psychoactive Drugs Impact the Brain ] States of Consciousness Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
States of Consciousness > Introduction to Consciousness Introduction to Consciousness • Describing Consciousness • A History of Theories of Consciousness • Neural Underpinnings of Consciousness Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/states-of-consciousness-6/introduction-to-consciousness-41/
States of Consciousness > Sleep and Dreaming Sleep and Dreaming • Introduction to Sleep • Circadian Rhythms • Stages of Sleep • Sleep-Wake Disorders • The Nature and Meaning of Dreams Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/states-of-consciousness-6/sleep-and-dreaming-42/
States of Consciousness > Altered States of Consciousness Altered States of Consciousness • Dissociation • Meditation • Hypnosis Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/states-of-consciousness-6/altered-states-of-consciousness-44/
States of Consciousness > How Psychoactive Drugs Impact the Brain How Psychoactive Drugs Impact the Brain • Depressants • Stimulants • Hallucinogens Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/states-of-consciousness-6/how-psychoactive-drugs-impact-the-brain-43/
Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
States of Consciousness Key terms • anosognosiaThe inability of a person to recognize his or her own illness or handicap. • antagonistA chemical that binds to a receptor but does not produce a physiological response, thereby blocking the action of agonist chemicals. • anxiolysisThe reduction of anxiety by means of sedation or hypnosis. • arousalA physiological and psychological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli, including elevated heart rate and blood pressure, and a condition of sensory alertness, mobility, and readiness to respond. • ataxiaLack of coordination while performing voluntary movements, which may appear to be clumsiness, inaccuracy, or instability. • blindsightThe responsivity shown by some blind or partially blind people to visual stimuli of which they are not consciously aware. • chronobiologyThe study of the effects of time on biological systems, especially the effects of periodicity. • circadianOf, relating to, or showing rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours; especially of a biological process. • consciousnessThe state of being aware; awareness to both internal and external stimuli. • consciousnessThe state of being aware; awareness to both internal and external stimuli. • consciousnessThe state of being aware; awareness to both internal and external stimuli. • daydreamA short-term detachment from one's immediate surroundings. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
States of Consciousness • dissociationA defense mechanism in which certain thoughts or mental processes are compartmentalized in order to avoid emotional stress to the conscious mind. • dopamineA neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention, learning, and the brain's pleasure and reward system. • ElectroencephalographyThe recording of electrical activity along the scalp; it measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within neurons. • entrainmentThe alignment of an organism's circadian rhythm to that of an external rhythm in its environment. • glutamateAn important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in long-term potentiation and is important for learning and memory. • hypnosisAn artificially induced trancelike state in which a person has heightened suggestibility and may experience suppressed memories. • latentExisting or present but concealed or inactive. • LD50In toxicology, the median lethal dose of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration. • maladaptiveShowing inadequate response to a new situation. • manifestObvious to the understanding; apparent to the mind; easily apprehensible; plain; not obscure or hidden. • mantraA sound, word, or phrase repeated to assist concentration during meditation; originated in Hinduism. • meditationA practice in which an individual trains the mind and/or induces a mode of consciousness to realize some benefit; a devotional exercise of, or leading to, contemplation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
States of Consciousness • narcolepsyA disorder characterized by sudden, uncontrollable, and often brief attacks of deep sleep, sometimes accompanied by paralysis and hallucinations. • neurotransmitterAny substance, such as acetylcholine or dopamine, responsible for sending nerve signals across a synapse between two neurons. • ParasomniaCategory of sleep disorders that involve abnormal movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and dreams that occur during sleep. • pathologicalRelating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder. • polysomnographyA measurement technique that documents an individual's multiple different physiological procedures during the night, generally used for the purpose of diagnosing sleep-related disorders. • REM sleepThe stage of sleep during which most brain activity and dreams occur, characterized by rapid eye movement (REM). • serotoninAn indoleamine neurotransmitter (5-hydroxytryptamine) that is crucial in maintaining a sense of well-being and security and is involved in depression. • Sigmund Freud(1856–1939) An Austrian neurologist who became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. • subliminal perceptionPerception that is below the threshold of consciousness. • tranceA state of concentration, awareness, or focus that filters information and experience; for example, meditation, possession, etc. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
States of Consciousness A typical night's sleep This sample hypnogram (EEG of sleep) shows how the proportion of the sleep cycle spent in REM sleep increases with each subsequent cycle over the course of a night. (Note that stages 3 and 4 are now considered to be one stage, stage 3.) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."605px-Sleep_Hypnogram.svg.png."CC BY-SAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sleep_Hypnogram.svgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Daydream by Paul César Helleu Daydreaming is a mild form of dissociation in which a person experiences a short-term detachment from one's immediate surroundings. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Helleu_-_Daydream.jpg."Public domainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daydream%23/media/File:Helleu_-_Daydream.jpgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Sleep spindles and K-complexes Sleep spindles and K-complexes are defining characteristics and indicate the onset of stage 2 NREM sleep. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Stage2sleep.svgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Prefrontal cortex This image shows the location of the prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain heavily involved in consciousness. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BY-SA 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prefrontal_cortex_of_the_brain.pngView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness The long-standing mystery of dreams Since ancient times, humans have been trying to understand the purpose of dreams. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/WLA_metmuseum_Bronze_statue_of_Eros_sleeping_7.jpgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Hypnotic colors The use of colorful images can help people relax into a hypnotic state. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Hypnotic colours."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hypnotic_colours.jpgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Cocaine Cocaine, in powder form, is a commonly abused stimulant that produces a sense of euphoria in the user. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Cocaine3."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cocaine3.jpgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Naturally occuring hallucinogen Hallucinogenic mushrooms often have a characteristic blue bruising on their stems. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Psilocybin."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PsilocybinView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness The suprachasmatic nucleus The SCN contains about 20,000 nerve cells, and is located in the hypothalamus, above the optic nerves. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Harvard University.CC BY-SAhttp://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/_i/200.jpgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Meditation Meditation allows a person to achieve a mental and physical state of relaxation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Abbot of Watkungtaphao in Phu Soidao Waterfall."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abbot_of_Watkungtaphao_in_Phu_Soidao_Waterfall.jpgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Alcohol as a depressant Alcohol depresses the brain, resulting in relaxation and impaired judgment. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Purdue University.CC BY-SAhttp://www.purdue.edu/21birthday/assets/img/AlcoholicDrinks.gifView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Circadian rhythms influence sleep Circadian rhythms have a hand in determining when we are alert and when we become sleepy. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com MSN.CC BY-SAhttp://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/MSNBC/Components/Photo/_new/tdy-hlt-110718-tired.380;380;7;70;0.jpgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Freud's levels of consciousness This figure illustrates the respective levels of the id, ego, and superego. The part above water is known as the conscious level; the top level of waves just below the surface and above the white line is the preconscious level; and the bottom level is the unconscious. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Structural-Iceberg."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Structural-Iceberg.svgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Narcolepsy Narcolepsy is characterized by an individual uncontrollably falling asleep very suddenly, typically in inappropriate situations. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com 1800 CPAP.CC BY-SAhttp://cpap.1800cpap.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/sleepy-at-work.jpgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Neural correlates of consciousness The study of neural correlates of consciousness seeks to link activity within the brain to subjective human experiences in the physical world. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Neural_Correlates_Of_Consciousness.jpgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness The Necker cube The Necker cube is a popular visual stimulus used to study differences in human visual perception. It is possible to perceive the front of the cube at two different angles. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/NeuralCorrelatesOfConsciousness3.jpgView on Boundless.com
States of Consciousness Attribution • Wikipedia."Consciousness."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness • Wikipedia."subliminal perception."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/subliminal%20perception • Wikipedia."Consciousness."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness%23Neural_correlates • Wiktionary."blindsight."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blindsight • Wiktionary."anosognosia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anosognosia • Wikipedia."Preconscious."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preconscious • Wikipedia."Level of consciousness (Esotericism)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_consciousness_(Esotericism) • Wiktionary."consciousness."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consciousness • Wiktionary."Sigmund Freud."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sigmund+Freud • Wikipedia."Neural correlates of consciousness."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_correlates_of_consciousness • Wikipedia."Consciousness."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness%23Neural_correlates • Wiktionary."consciousness."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consciousness • Wikipedia."Human."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%23Consciousness_and_thought • Saylor."Introduction to Psychology/States of Consciousness."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Intro-to-Psychology.pdf • Wiktionary."arousal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arousal • Wikibooks."Introduction to Psychology/Cognitive Psychology."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology • Wikibooks."Consciousness Studies/Introduction."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Consciousness_Studies/Introduction Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
States of Consciousness • Wikipedia."Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_sleep_deprivation_on_cognitive_performance • Wikipedia."Sleep."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep • Wikipedia."Sleep deprivation."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_deprivation • Wiktionary."REM sleep."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/REM_sleep • Wikipedia."Circasemidian rhythm."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circasemidian_rhythm • Wikipedia."Segmented sleep."CC BY-SAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmented_sleep • Wiktionary."chronobiology."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chronobiology • Wiktionary."circadian."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circadian • Wikipedia."Circadian rhythm."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm • Wiktionary."entrainment."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entrainment • National Insitute of Health.CC BYhttp://www.nigms.nih.gov/Education/Factsheet_CircadianRhythms.htm • Wikipedia."Electroencephalography."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography • Wikipedia."Parasomnia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasomnia • Wikipedia."Rapid eye movement sleep."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep • Wikipedia."Sleep."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep%23Stages • neurowiki2012 Wikispace."Sleep Cycles and Dreams."CC BY-SA 3.0http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Sleep+Cycles+and+Dreams • Wikidot."Sleep - WikiofScience."CC BYhttp://wikiofscience.wikidot.com/science:sleep • Wikipedia."DSM-IV-TR."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-IV-TR • Wikipedia."Nightmare disorder."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmare_disorder Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
States of Consciousness • Wikipedia."Idiopathic hypersomnia."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia • Wikipedia."Insomnia."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia%23DSM-5_criteria • Wikipedia."Restless legs syndrome."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restless_legs_syndrome • Wikipedia."Sleep disorder."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disorder • Wiktionary."polysomnography."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polysomnography • mrmillpsychology Wikispace."7 Sleep and Sleep Disorders."CC BY-SA 3.0http://mrmillpsychology.wikispaces.com/7+Sleep+and+Sleep+Disorders • Wikipedia."Parasomnia."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasomnia • Wikipedia."Night terror."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_terror • Wiktionary."latent."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/latent • Wikipedia."Dream."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream • Wiktionary."manifest."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manifest • Wikipedia."Dream interpretation."CC BY-SAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_interpretation • The Diagonal."The Science Behind Dreaming | theDiagonal."CC BYhttp://thediagonal.com/2011/08/07/the-science-behind-dreaming/ • Wikipedia."Depressant."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressant • Wiktionary."anxiolysis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anxiolysis • Wiktionary."ataxia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ataxia • Wikipedia."Stimulant."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant • Wikipedia."Stimulant."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant • Wikipedia."Stimulant."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
States of Consciousness • Wikipedia."Stimulant."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant • Wiktionary."neurotransmitter."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neurotransmitter • Wiktionary."narcolepsy."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/narcolepsy • Psychology Wiki."Stimulants."CC BY-SA 3.0http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Stimulants • Wikipedia."ADHD."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADHD • Wiktionary."dopamine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dopamine • Wikibooks."Stimulants."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Stimulants • Wikipedia."Dextromethorphan."CC BY-SAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextromethorphan • Wikipedia."Nitrous oxide."CC BY-SAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxide • Wikipedia."LD50."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50 • Wikipedia."Deliriants."CC BY-SAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliriant • Wikipedia."Psilocybin mushroom."CC BY-SAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybin_mushroom • Wiktionary."serotonin."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/serotonin • Wiktionary."antagonist."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antagonist • Wikipedia."glutamate."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glutamate • Wikibooks."Main Page."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page • Wikipedia."Hypnosis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnosis • Wiktionary."hypnosis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypnosis • Wiktionary."dissociation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dissociation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
States of Consciousness • xavierappsychology Wikispace."Chapter 5, Period 7."CC BY-SA 3.0http://xavierappsychology.wikispaces.com/Chapter+5,+Period+7 • Wiktionary."trance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trance • Wikipedia."Meditation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meditation • Wikipedia."meditation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/meditation • Wiktionary."mantra."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mantra • Wikipedia."Research on meditation ."CC BY-SAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_on_meditation%23Perception • Wiktionary."consciousness."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consciousness • Wikibooks."Meditation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Meditation • Wikipedia."Daydream."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daydream • Wikipedia."Dissociation (psychology)."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_(psychology) • Wikipedia."Coping (psychology)."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coping_(psychology) • Wikipedia."Altered state of consciousness."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altered_state_of_consciousness • Wiktionary."maladaptive."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maladaptive • Wiktionary."pathological."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pathological Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com