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pg 547

LDH converts pyruvate to lactate, restoring the pool of NAD +. pg 547. What about when pyruvate leaves the cytoplasm…? . ?. pg 547. Glycerol 3-P shuttle . fig19-30. Malate-aspartate shuttle . fig19-29. Malate-aspartate shuttle . Malate-aspartate shuttle viewed as e- carrying process .

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pg 547

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  1. LDH converts pyruvate to lactate, restoring the pool of NAD+ pg 547

  2. What about when pyruvate leaves the cytoplasm…? ? pg 547

  3. Glycerol 3-P shuttle fig19-30

  4. Malate-aspartate shuttle fig19-29

  5. Malate-aspartate shuttle

  6. Malate-aspartate shuttle viewed as e- carrying process malate malate NAD+ NAD+ NADH NADH OAA OAA

  7. Malate-aspartate shuttle viewed as e- carrying process with set of transaminations between OAA/Asp, and aKG/Glu malate malate NAD+ NAD+ aKG aKG NADH NADH OAA OAA Glu Glu Asp Asp

  8. Malate-aspartate shuttle viewed as e- carrying process malate malate NAD+ NAD+ NADH NADH OAA OAA

  9. with set of transaminations between OAA/Asp, and aKG/Glu aKG aKG OAA OAA Glu Glu Asp Asp

  10. with set of transaminations between OAA/Asp, and aKG/Glu aKG aKG OAA OAA Glu Glu Asp Asp

  11. with set of transaminations between OAA/Asp, and aKG/Glu NH3 group from Asp to aKG NH3 group from Glu to OAA aKG aKG OAA OAA Glu Glu Asp Asp

  12. Malate-aspartate shuttle viewed as e- carrying process with set of transaminations between OAA/Asp, and aKG/Glu malate malate NAD+ NAD+ aKG aKG NADH NADH OAA OAA Glu Glu Asp Asp

  13. Malate-aspartate shuttle fig19-29

  14. coupling is… chemiosmotic

  15. e- flow is coupled to ATP production

  16. Why does limited ADP decrease the rate of resp. chain? ACCEPTOR CONTROL fig19-33 bottom or…

  17. NADH NADH and ATP/ADP levels directly affect the Krebs cycle… low ADP fig19-33 middle

  18. NADH and ATP/ADP levels directly affect the Krebs cycle… ATP ADP fig19-33 middle

  19. and glycolysis is similarly affected by ATP citrate and NADH fig19-33 top

  20. regulation of all three phases of glucose break- down: a combination of effects of a number of molecules, including NADH, ATP, citrate, acetyl-CoA fig19-33 the whole darn thing…

  21. Nature’s electric blanket use of uncoupling for a biological purpose fig19-34

  22. apoptosis (programmed cell death) diabetes ageing Parkinsonism The “new” field of mitochondrial medicine mitochondrial roles in

  23. Anabolism!!! part II intro fig4

  24. Carbohydrate synthesis in the biosphere fig 14-15

  25. Gluconeogenesis anabolic production of glucose

  26. Carbohydrates a two-lane highway… what determines these special steps? fig 14-16

  27. The glycolysis energy landscape (pyruvate set to 0)

  28. Three big steps down… or up table 14-2

  29. First bypass fig 14-17

  30. First bypass fig 14-17

  31. First bypass, second step fig 14-17

  32. Two ways to make PEP… fig 14-19

  33. two fates for pyruvate fig 15-20

  34. table 14-4

  35. Three big steps on the way up… fig 14-16 top

  36. Remember regulation of PFK-1?? fig 15-15

  37. Fructose bisphosphate is at a key position in both cat and ana

  38. When glucose is abundant, so is F2,6BP F2,6BP accelerates PFK-1 fig15-16

  39. When glucose is low, so is F2,6BP F2,6BP inhibits FBPase fig 15-16

  40. When glucose is low, so is F2,6BP When glucose is abundant, so is F2,6BP fig 15-16

  41. pg 581

  42. Separate distinct enzyme activities control Fr2,6BP levels fig 15-17

  43. …and hormones control these enzymes fig 15-17

  44. Glycogen: the glucose buffer…

  45. Glycogen granules ~ 1600 glucose monomers per granule

  46. fig 7-14

  47. Glycogen in real life…

  48. How is glycogen synthesized? -sequential addition of glucose to a growing a1-4 linked linear polymer glycogenin, then glycogen synthase -creation of branches composed of a1-6 linkages branching enzyme

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