Unit 1 and 2 Georgia’s Beginnings

1. Unit 1 and 2Georgia’s Beginnings

2. 08.01 Georgia’s Beginnings • Properties • Title: 08.01 Georgia's Beginnings • Type: Instructional Unit • Subject: Social Studies - GPS (K-12) • Grade Range: 8th Grade • Description: Unit I and II, Eighth Grade Social Studies • Duration: 3 Weeks

3. Instructional Unit Content Standard(s)/Element(s) History: SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. a. Describe the environment of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland and Mississippian) prior to European contact. b. Evaluate the impact of European contact on Native American cultures; include Spanish missions along the barrier islands, and the explorations of Hernando de Soto. c. Explain reasons for European exploration and settlement of North America, with emphasis on the interests of the French, Spanish, and British in the southeastern area. Geography: SS8G1: The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features and location. a. Locate Georgia in relation to region, nation, continent, and hemisphere. b. Describe the five geographic regions of Georgia; including the Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont and Coastal Plain locate and evaluate the importance of key physical features on the development of Georgia; including the Fall Line, Okefenokee Swamp, Appalachian Mountains, Chattahoochee and Savannah Rivers, and barrier island. c. Evaluate the impact of climate on Georgia’s development.

4. SS8G2 The student will explain how the Interstate Highway System, Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, and Georgia's deepwater ports, and the railroads help drive the state's economy. a. Explain how the four transportation systems interact to provide domestic and international goods to the people of Georgia. b. Explain how the four transportation systems interact to provide producers and service providers in Georgia with national and international markets. c. Explain how the four transportation systems provide jobs for Georgians. Economics SS8E1: The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced in Georgia in different historical periods.

6. Concept(s) to Maintain • Location • Absolute and relative location of • Georgia Human/Environmental Interaction • Georgia’s geographic regions, features and climates Civilization, • Cultural Diffusion and Innovation • Development of prehistoric cultures

7. Evidence of Learning • What students should know: • Most of what we know about the prehistoric periods has learned from the artifacts and fossils left behind by ancient peoples. • Georgia is located in the western hemisphere, in the continent of North America, and in the southeastern portion of the United States of America. • Georgia is divided into five geographic regions (Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Ridge and Valley, Appalachian Plateau and Blue Ridge) that are physiographic ally different. • Most of Georgia’s cities are in the Piedmont Region. • Georgia has a Fall Line that separates the Coastal Plain from the Piedmont Region. • Georgia’s Fall Line crosses three cities: Columbus, Macon and Augusta. • Spanish missions were created along the barrier islands because of the easy access to the Gulf Stream.

8. Georgia was a military buffer to protect the British colonies to the north from the Spanish presence in St. Augustine, Florida and the French presence in Mobile, Alabama. • Spanish explorer, Hernando Desoto along with soldiers, businessmen, entrepreneurs and priests, came to Georgia looking for gold and other means of wealth. They visited the Cartersville and Rome areas during the late Mississippian period. • Georgia’s climate is generally temperate and is influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. • The Okefenokee Swamp (located in the Coastal Plain) is approximately 7000 years old and is the largest National Wildlife Refuge in the eastern and portion of the United States of America. • The Suwannee River is the principle outlet of the Okefenokee Swamp and flows from the west of the swamp and empties into the Gulf of Mexico near Florida.

9. The Appalachian Mountains extend from Quebec to Georgia. Brasstown Bald is the highest elevation in Georgia and is in the Blue Ridge Region. • The Chattahoochee River is known as the major waterway in Georgia. It begins in the north Georgia Mountains near Helen and flows to the southeast through Atlanta. • The Savannah River was very influential in the economic development of Georgia. Two major cities were founded on the river – Savannah (seaport) and Augusta (positioned where the river meets the Fall Line).

10. Suggested Vocabulary relative location absolute location Sun Belt regions fall line piedmont humid subtropical culture

11. Resource(s) Anchor Text(s): Clairmont, Georgia and the American Experience SS8H1: pp, 74-83, 107-109, 110-113 SS8G1: pp. 5-31 Internet Resources: http://www.geography.about.com/ http://www.graphicmaps.com/ http://www.maps101.com/ http://www.ngeorgia.com/ www.exploregeorgia.org Expand Your Thinking Through Technology Extension Activity, Chapter 1 and 2, pages 11 and 12 Videos: Georgia Stories II, Story 1

12. Practice Assessment 8th Grade Unit 1 Georgia’s Beginnings SS8G1d 1. The weather pattern that is the most dangerous aspect of Georgia’s climate is A snowfall and rain B snowfall and hurricanes C hurricanes and tornadoes D tornadoes and rain SS8G1c 2. The city located on Georgia’s Fall Line is A Savannah B Atlanta C Rome D Augusta SS8G1a 3. Georgia enjoys a mild climate because Georgia is located A in the northern hemisphere. B nearer the equator that the North or South poles. C on the Atlantic Coast. D in the western hemisphere.

13. SS8G1c 4. The barrier islands protect the Georgia mainland by A channeling ocean saltwater away from inland rivers, creeks, and streams. B blocking storms, such as hurricanes and nor’easters, from reaching the mainland. C blocking much of the wind, sands and water that could cause erosion on the mainland. D lowering tides so that Georgia does not experience damage from high tides. SSG1c 5. The rivers that form part of Georgia’s borders with neighboring states are the A Chattahoochee, Flint and Altamaha Rivers B. Savannah, Chattahoochee, and St. Mary’s River C Flint, Savannah, and Ogeechee Rivers D Oconee, St. Mary’s, and Flint Rivers SS8G1d 6. Weather conditions of a period of time is called A climate B geography C seasons D topography SS8G1d 7. The industry that is most affected by Georgia’s climate is A mining B transportation C chemical D agriculture

14. SS8G1c • 8. Most of Georgia’s rivers flow into the • A Atlantic Ocean • B Mississippi River • C Pacific Ocean • D Gulf of Mexico • SS8G1c • 9. The states that border Georgia are • A Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, and South Carolina • B Alabama, Arkansas, Tennessee, South Carolina and Florida • C Alabama, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and North Carolina • D Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, Florida and North Carolina • The smallest of the physiographic regions, the region is a maze of limestone caves, deep canyons, and interesting rock formations. Many people refer to this region in the far northwestern corner of the state as the “TAG Corner” because is the point at which Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia meet. • 10. The region of Georgia described in the passage is • A Ridge and Valley • B Appalachian Plateau • C Piedmont • D Blue Ridge

15. 11. The location found in the TAG Corner is A Cloudland Canyon B Okefenokee Swamp C Brasstown Bald D Sky Valley SS8G1a Use the graphic below to answer question #12 12. According to the graphic, Georgia’s relative location is A in the southern hemisphere. B west of the Prime Meridian. C south of the equator. D along the equator.

16. Refer to the map below to answer questions #13 and #14.

17. 13. In which region of Georgia is the Okefenokee Swamp located? A Piedmont B Coastal Plain C Blue Ridge D Ridge and Valley 14. Where is Atlanta located? A on the Savannah River B along the Fall Line C north of the Chattahoochee River D southwest of Lake Sidney Lanier • SS8G1a • 15. Imaginary lines that measure distances north and south of the Equator are called__________. • A prime meridians • B lines of latitude • C lines of longitude • D fall lines • SS8G1c • 16. Two of Georgia’s most important seaport cities are _____________. • A Columbus and Macon • B Brunswick and Athens • C Augusta and Rome • D Savannah and Brunswick

18. SS8G1b 18. The physical region with the largest population is the A Piedmont region B Coastal Plain region C Appalachian Plateau region D Blue Ridge region SS8G1c 19. The north Georgia mountains are part of which mountain chain? A Rocky B. Ozark C Catskills D Appalachian SS8G1c 20. Due to its location, the city in Georgia most likely to experience the direct hit of a hurricane is A Athens B Helen C Plains D Savannah

19. ****Answer Key**** 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. D