1 / 18

Coevolution : The joint evolution of two species with close ecological relationships

Coevolution : The joint evolution of two species with close ecological relationships. -- evolution of each is partly dependent on the other. -- includes parasite-hosts, mutualisms. Parasites include: viruses bacteria fungi invertebrates vertebrates (social parasitism).

verdi
Download Presentation

Coevolution : The joint evolution of two species with close ecological relationships

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Coevolution: The joint evolution of two species with close ecological relationships • -- evolution of each is partly dependent on the other -- includes parasite-hosts, mutualisms

  2. Parasites include: viruses bacteria fungi invertebrates vertebrates (social parasitism) Many are highly specialized to only one host species e.g, bird lice, botflies Plant mite Human head lice

  3. Host defenses against parasites --Biochemical (e.g., antibodies) --tissue growth to contain parasite (e.g., galls)

  4. Galls have many forms and shapes Over 2000 gall-forming insects in U.S., most are gall wasps Most galls are on oaks (60%) Insect feeds mainly on gall tissue

  5. To eradicate parasites -- gene-for-gene response -- multiple defenses at once (not really possible) -- turn it into a mutualism

  6. Mutualisms: coevolved systems where two species interact to the benefit of both -- e.g., Rhizobium, Mycorrhiza • -- symbiotic and nonsymbiotic -- obligate and facultative Landmark paper on coevolution and mutualism in ecology: Erhlich, Paul and Peter Raven. 1965. Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution. Evolution 18: 586-608.

  7. Social parasitism in birds cuckoos cowbirds some ducks warbler nest with two cowbird eggs Brown-headed cowbird

  8. Oropendolas and Cowbirds parasitism to mutualism

  9. Landmark paper on coevolution and mutualism in ecology: Erhlich, Paul and Peter Raven. 1965. Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution. Evolution 18: 586-608. • -- symbiotic and nonsymbiotic -- obligate and facultative

  10. Pine cone seeds and crossbills

  11. Ants and acacia trees: a symbiotic obligate mutualism

  12. Dodo Mauritius Island Calvaria trees Nonsymbiotic obligate mutualism (for tree)

  13. Honey badger and honeyguide: a nonsymbiotic facultative mutualism

  14. Pollination Ecology

  15. Hummingbirds: generalists and specialists

  16. Mutualisms: last word --not always a ‘happy’ relationship --e.g., yucca moths on yucca plants --constraints on fecundity

More Related