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The Android Development Environment. Programming the Android Platform. Topics. Getting started on the Android Platform Installing required libraries Programming Android using the Eclipse IDE The Android emulator Debugging Android applications Other tools. Installation. See:
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The Android Development Environment Programming the Android Platform
Topics • Getting started on the Android Platform • Installing required libraries • Programming Android using the Eclipse IDE • The Android emulator • Debugging Android applications • Other tools
Installation • See: • developer.android.com/sdk/index.html#quickstart • Software to download & install • Java Development Kit (JDK) • Eclipse IDE • Android SDK starter package • Eclipse ADT plugin • Add Android platform & other comps to SDK
Java • Download Java Development Kit • www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
Eclipse • Preferred IDE, but you can use others • Requires version 3.5 or higher • Eclipse Classic recommended • http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
Android SDK starter package • Core tools needed to get started • developer.android.com/sdk/ • Unpack files to a directory of your choice • By default: android-sdk-<machine-platform> • Add this directory to your path to use Android tools from the command line
Eclipse ADT plugin • Download the ADT plugin • Use the Help -> Install New Software function • URL for Eclipse 3.5+ • https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/ • In the Available Software dialog, select the checkbox next to Developer Tools and click Next • Configure plugin • Open preferences, click on “Android” and set the SDK location
Add Components to SDK • Launch the Android SDK and AVD Manager • Select at least the latest platform (2.3)
Create an Android Virtual Device • An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a configuration of emulator options • An AVD includes: • A hardware profile • A platform • Other options • e.g., emulator skin, screen dimensions, SD card size • A storage area • Create using Android SDK and AVD Manager tool
HelloAndroid • Start Eclipse • Create a new Android Project
Hello Android • Project name: HelloAndroid • Application name: Hello, Android • Package name: course.examples • Create activity: HelloAndroid • Min SDK: 9
Hello Android (cont.) package course.examples; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.TextView; public class HelloAndroidextends Activity { public void onCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); TextViewtv = new TextView(this); tv.setText("Hello, Android"); setContentView(tv); } }
The Android Emulator • Applications can run in an emulator • Advantages • Fast turnaround • Doesn’t require an actual phone • Uses faster CPU on emulation computer • Disadvantages • Some features unavailable • e.g., no support for bluetooth or USB connections • Performance & user experience can be misleading
The Android Emulator • Emulates telephone calls & SMS messages % telnet localhost 5554 > sms send 5554 “This is a text message” • Will emulate typical speeds & latencies for different networks (e.g., edge, gprs, etc.) % telnet localhost 5554 > set speed gprs • Can interconnect multiple emulators % emulator -avd Android_2.2_primary % emulator -avd Android_2.2_secondary • In one dialer app, dial port num of other emulator
The Android Emulator • Many more options • See: developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html
Execution Tracing • Can also add trace code into your application // start tracing to "/sdcard/calc.trace" Debug.startMethodTracing("calc"); … // stop tracing Debug.stopMethodTracing(); • Will need to set permissions (discussed later) <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE />
TraceView • To view results after execution % adb pull /sdcard/calc.trace /tmp % traceview /tmp/calc
Logcat • Log viewer • Android logs many events by default • Can use android.util.Log & android.os.Debug class for application-specific logging • View log entries with • % adblogcat • Or inside Eclipse • Window -> Show View -> Other -> Android -> LogCat
Hierarchy Viewer • Visual representation of application UI % hierarchyviewer
Monkey & monkeyrunner • Sends psuedorandom events to applications • Can also script events with monkeyrunner API // send event to browswer % adb shell monkey -pcom.android.browser -v 500 // send events to all applications % adb shell monkey 500
Android Unit Testing • Android-specific extensions to Junit • MoreAsserts • Additional result checking classes • ViewAsserts • Asserts about view layout • TouchUtils • Classes for generating touch events • Instrumentation • For monitoring application interaction with system
Android Unit Testing (cont.) • Steps for testing Activity • Create an Android test project • Create one or more Android test classes • Add code to each Test class • Test code usually includes test methods for • App initialization • UI behavior & class functionality • Application lifecycle state management
Android Unit Testing (cont.) • AndroidTestCase • Test case with access to Activity Context • ActivityUnitTestCase • isolated testing of a single activity • InstrumentationTestCase • Test case with access to system instrumentation & events • ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 • functional testing of a single activity • Many other test case types • developer.android.com/guide/topics/testing/testing_android.html
Android Unit Testing (cont.) • Junit Test flow • setup() • Put application in known state • run() • Create additional data • Execute method under test • Check result with Assert • tearDown() • Return to known state
Android Unit Testing (cont.) • developer.android.com/resources/tutorials/testing/activity_test.html
Running on a Device • Key steps • Declare your application as "debuggable" in your Android Manifest • Turn on "USB Debugging" on your device • Setup your system to detect your device • See: • developer.android.com/guide/developing/device.html