Programming the Android Platform

1. The Android Development Environment Programming the Android Platform

2. Topics • Getting started on the Android Platform • Installing required libraries • Programming Android using the Eclipse IDE • The Android emulator • Debugging Android applications • Other tools

3. Installation • See: • developer.android.com/sdk/index.html#quickstart • Software to download & install • Java Development Kit (JDK) • Eclipse IDE • Android SDK starter package • Eclipse ADT plugin • Add Android platform & other comps to SDK

4. Java • Download Java Development Kit • www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

5. Eclipse • Preferred IDE, but you can use others • Requires version 3.5 or higher • Eclipse Classic recommended • http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/

6. Android SDK starter package • Core tools needed to get started • developer.android.com/sdk/ • Unpack files to a directory of your choice • By default: android-sdk-<machine-platform> • Add this directory to your path to use Android tools from the command line

7. Eclipse ADT plugin • Download the ADT plugin • Use the Help -> Install New Software function • URL for Eclipse 3.5+ • https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/ • In the Available Software dialog, select the checkbox next to Developer Tools and click Next • Configure plugin • Open preferences, click on “Android” and set the SDK location

8. Add Components to SDK • Launch the Android SDK and AVD Manager • Select at least the latest platform (2.3)

9. Create an Android Virtual Device • An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a configuration of emulator options • An AVD includes: • A hardware profile • A platform • Other options • e.g., emulator skin, screen dimensions, SD card size • A storage area • Create using Android SDK and AVD Manager tool

10. HelloAndroid • Start Eclipse • Create a new Android Project

11. Hello Android • Project name: HelloAndroid • Application name: Hello, Android • Package name: course.examples • Create activity: HelloAndroid • Min SDK: 9

12. Hello Android (cont.) package course.examples; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.TextView; public class HelloAndroidextends Activity { public void onCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); TextViewtv = new TextView(this); tv.setText("Hello, Android"); setContentView(tv); } }

13. The Android Emulator • Applications can run in an emulator • Advantages • Fast turnaround • Doesn’t require an actual phone • Uses faster CPU on emulation computer • Disadvantages • Some features unavailable • e.g., no support for bluetooth or USB connections • Performance & user experience can be misleading

14. The Android Emulator • Emulates telephone calls & SMS messages % telnet localhost 5554 > sms send 5554 “This is a text message” • Will emulate typical speeds & latencies for different networks (e.g., edge, gprs, etc.) % telnet localhost 5554 > set speed gprs • Can interconnect multiple emulators % emulator -avd Android_2.2_primary % emulator -avd Android_2.2_secondary • In one dialer app, dial port num of other emulator

15. The Android Emulator • Many more options • See: developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html

16. Debugger

17. Execution Tracing

18. Execution Tracing • Can also add trace code into your application // start tracing to "/sdcard/calc.trace"    Debug.startMethodTracing("calc");        … // stop tracing    Debug.stopMethodTracing(); • Will need to set permissions (discussed later) <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE />

19. TraceView • To view results after execution % adb pull /sdcard/calc.trace /tmp % traceview /tmp/calc

20. TraceView

21. Logcat • Log viewer • Android logs many events by default • Can use android.util.Log & android.os.Debug class for application-specific logging • View log entries with • % adblogcat • Or inside Eclipse • Window -> Show View -> Other -> Android -> LogCat

22. Hierarchy Viewer • Visual representation of application UI % hierarchyviewer

23. Layout inspector

24. Pixel Perfect View

25. Monkey & monkeyrunner • Sends psuedorandom events to applications • Can also script events with monkeyrunner API // send event to browswer % adb shell monkey -pcom.android.browser -v 500 // send events to all applications % adb shell monkey 500

26. Android Unit Testing • Android-specific extensions to Junit • MoreAsserts • Additional result checking classes • ViewAsserts • Asserts about view layout • TouchUtils • Classes for generating touch events • Instrumentation • For monitoring application interaction with system

27. Android Unit Testing (cont.) • Steps for testing Activity • Create an Android test project • Create one or more Android test classes • Add code to each Test class • Test code usually includes test methods for • App initialization • UI behavior & class functionality • Application lifecycle state management

28. Android Unit Testing (cont.) • AndroidTestCase • Test case with access to Activity Context • ActivityUnitTestCase • isolated testing of a single activity • InstrumentationTestCase • Test case with access to system instrumentation & events • ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 • functional testing of a single activity • Many other test case types • developer.android.com/guide/topics/testing/testing_android.html

29. Android Unit Testing (cont.) • Junit Test flow • setup() • Put application in known state • run() • Create additional data • Execute method under test • Check result with Assert • tearDown() • Return to known state

30. Android Unit Testing (cont.) • developer.android.com/resources/tutorials/testing/activity_test.html

31. Running on a Device • Key steps • Declare your application as "debuggable" in your Android Manifest • Turn on "USB Debugging" on your device • Setup your system to detect your device • See: • developer.android.com/guide/developing/device.html

32. Lab Assignment