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KEY WIRELESS NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE NEXT DECADE - OVERVIEW

KEY WIRELESS NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE NEXT DECADE - OVERVIEW. * WIRELESS LANs * SATELLITE NETWORKS * AD HOC & SENSOR NETWORKS (MARIO GERLA, I. AKYILDIZ) * WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS (NITIN VAIDYA, HARI B.) * WiMAX * COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS * (MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORKS!!).

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KEY WIRELESS NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE NEXT DECADE - OVERVIEW

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  1. KEY WIRELESS NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE NEXT DECADE - OVERVIEW * WIRELESS LANs * SATELLITE NETWORKS * AD HOC & SENSOR NETWORKS (MARIO GERLA, I. AKYILDIZ) *WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS (NITIN VAIDYA, HARI B.) * WiMAX * COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS * (MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORKS!!)

  2. COMMUNICATION/NETWORKING IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS • UNDERGROUND APPLICATIONS • UNDERWATER APPLICATIONS

  3. Wireless Underground Sensor NetworksI.F. Akyildiz and Erich Stuntebeck, “Wireless Underground Sensor Networks: Research Challenges”, Ad Hoc Networks (Elsevier) Journal, Nov. 2006. Sink Soil Condition Sensor • Water • Salinity • Temperature

  4. APPLICATIONS • Sports field monitoring • Golf courses • Soccer fields • Baseball fields • Grass tennis courts

  5. FURTHER APPLICATIONS • Infrastructure monitoring • pipes • electrical wiring • liquid storage tanks • underground fuel tanks • septic tanks • Border Patrol and Security

  6. FURTHER APPLICATIONS • Coal Mines (TUNNELS) • Diamond/Gold/Platinum Mining (TUNNELS)

  7. Underground Channel Challenges • Dynamic Channel

  8. Underground Challenges • Power Constraints • Difficult/impossible to change the batteries for underground devices • High radio power necessary due to extreme path losses • Low data rate • Channel conditions are best at low carrier frequencies • Less bandwidth is available at lower frequencies

  9. Underground Challenges • Antenna Design • Extremely Lossy Environment • Strong FEC needed to help overcome weak signals, but must not use excessive energy in processing

  10. Underground Challenges • EM Waves or • Magnetic Induction or • Seismic Waves????

  11. Underground Challenges • MODULATION (EARLY WORK  ANALOG COM.) (LATELY’04  QPSK, QAM 16, QAM 32); 4kHz carrier,10W, 2kbps) • Capacity Study • Tradeoff between Capacity and Reliability • MAC • Routing • End-to-End Reliability • Error Control • Packet Size

  12. UNDERWATER NETWORKINGI.F. Akyildiz, D. Pompili, T. Melodia, “Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks: Research Challenges”,Ad Hoc Networks (Elsevier) Journal, March 2005 • Available bandwidth is severely limited • UW channel is severely impaired (in particular due to multi-path and fading) • Very long (5 orders of magnitude higher than in RF terrestrial channels) and extremely variable propagation delays

  13. CHARACTERISTICS OF UNDERWATER NETWORKS • Very high bit error rates and temporary losses of connectivity (SHADOW ZONES) • Battery power is limited and usually batteries cannot be recharged; no solar energy!!

  14. Transmission Loss (URICK PROP. MODEL) Attenuation due to multipath Attenuation due to absorption Attenuation due to geometric spreading TL increases with increasing freq. & distance

  15. Our Contributions for UW-ASNs SensorApp Developed @BWN-Lab: -AcousticProp Model -AcousticChannel -AcousticPhy -CDMA-based MAC -SensorRouting WirelessAgent SensorRouting LL Queue CDMA-based MAC AcousticPhy AcousticProp Model AcousticChannel

  16. CROSS LAYER SOLUTION D. Pompili and I.F. Akyildiz, “Cross-layer Protocol Suite for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks,” July 2007 Traditional Approach Cross-Layer Melting Application Layer Application Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Energy Management Plane Energy Management Plane Cross -Layer MODULE Cross-Layer Management Plane Cross-Layer Management Plane MAC Layer PHY Layer Our View

  17. WHAT IS THE STATUS? PAPER WRITING RACE STARTED !!!! COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS !!! MODULATION TECHNIQUES ((D) PSK, 16 QAM), OFDM?? SYNCHRONIZATION ALGORITHMS LOCALIZATION ALGORITHMS CAPTURING THE MOBILITY OF AUVs SECURITY 18

  18. WHAT IS THE STATUS? CAPACITY ANALYSIS TRADEFOFF RELIABILITY vs CAPACITY DEPLOYMENT (TOPOLOGY) ALGORITHMS ERROR CONTROL (FECs, HYBRID ARQs???) IN-NETWORK CODING (AGGREGATION/FUSION???) MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION Etc.etc….. 19

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