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The Gas Laws

The Gas Laws. Section 12.3. After reading Section 12.3, you should know:. Understand the gas variables and how they relate in Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law and the Combined Gas Law Apply these relationships to calculations. Boyle’s Law. Volume and Pressure.

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The Gas Laws

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  1. The Gas Laws Section 12.3

  2. After reading Section 12.3, you should know: • Understand the gas variables and how they relate in Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law and the Combined Gas Law • Apply these relationships to calculations

  3. Boyle’s Law • Volume and Pressure • As the pressure increases, the volume decreases • Relationship is inverse

  4. Practice with Boyle’s Law • A high-altitude balloon contains 30.0 L of helium gas at 103 kPa. What is the volume when the balloon rises to an altitude where the pressure is only 25.0 kPa? Known values: Unknowns: V1 = 30.0 L V2 = ? P1 = 103 kPa P2 = 25.0 kPa

  5. V2 = 30.0 L 103 kPa = 124 L 25.0 kPa In the problem, the pressure is decreasing (from 103 kPa to 25.0 kPa) So the volume should increase (put larger number on top)

  6. Charles’ Law • Temperature and Volume • As the temperature increases, the volume increases • Relationship is direct…as long as temp is in Kelvin! Always change Celsius to Kelvin!!! ( oC + 273)

  7. Practice with Charles’ Law • A balloon inflated in a room at 24 oC has a volume of 4.00 L. The balloon is then heated to a temperature of 58 oC. What is the new volume? Known values: Unknowns: V1 = 4.00 L V2 = ? T1 = 24 oC = 297 K T2 = 58 oC = 331 K

  8. V2 = 4.00 L 331 K = 4.46 L 297 K In the problem, the temperature is increasing (from 297 K to 331 K) So the volume should increase (put larger number on top)

  9. Gay-Lussac’s Law • Temperature and Pressure • As the temperature increases, the pressure increases • Relationship is direct

  10. Practice with Gay-Lussac’s Law • The gas left in a used aerosol can is at a pressure of 103 kPa at 25 oC. If this can is thrown into a fire, what is the pressure of the gas when the temperature reaches 928 oC? Known values: Unknowns: P1 = 103 kPa P2 = ? T1 = 25 oC = 298 K T2 = 928 oC = 1201 K

  11. P2 = 103 kPa 1201 K = 415 kPa 298 K In the problem, the temperature is increasing (from 298 K to 1201 K) So the pressure should increase (put larger number on top)

  12. The Combined Gas Law • Combines the variables from Boyle’s, Charles’ and Gay-Lussac’s Laws • Relates volume, pressure and temperature

  13. Practice with Combined Gas Law • The volume of a gas-filled balloon is 30.0 L at 40. oC and 153 kPa pressure. What volume will the balloon have a standard temperature and pressure (STP)? Known values: Unknowns: V1 = 30.0 L V2 = ? T1 = 40. oC = 313 K P1 = 153 kPa T2 = 273 K P2 = 101.3 kPa

  14. V2 = 30.0 L 273 K 153 kPa = 39.5 L 313 K 101.3 kPa In the problem, the pressure is decreasing (from 153 kPa to 101.3 kPa) So the volume should increase (put larger number on top) In the problem, the temperature is decreasing (from 313 K to 273 K) So the volume should decrease (put smaller number on top)

  15. After reading Section 12.3, you should know: • The gas variables and how they relate in Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law and the Combined Gas Law • Apply these relationships to calculations

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