___

1. Cell division in multicellular organisms is important for _____. A. growth B. repair C. both A and B ___

2. Which best describes prokaryotes? A. unicellular bacteria B. prominent nucleus C. many chloroplasts D. all of the above ___

3. Chromosomes are composed of _____. A. DNA only B. proteins only C. DNA and proteins ___

4. Prokaryotes' DNA is found in the _____. A. nucleoid B. nucleolus C. nucleus ___

5. Prokaryotes reproduce _____. A. by binary fission B. sexually C. very slowly ___

6. Which process ensures that each newly formed cell gets its own copy of the DNA? A. transcription B. replication C. cytokinesis ___

7. The diploid number of chromosomes in humans is _____. A. 1 B. 20 C. 46 D. 78 ___

8. In a eukaryotic cell that is NOT undergoing division, the tangled mass of DNA and its associated proteins is known as_____. A. sister chromatids B. centromeres C. chromatin D. histones ___

9. The division of cytoplasm is called _____. A. replication B. karyokinesis C. binary fission D. cytokinesis ___

10. If a cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, the daughter cells will have _____ chromosomes. A. 23 B. 46 C. 92 ___

11. In many animals, only _____ are haploid cells. A. eggs B. sperm C. both A and B ___

12. The region where sister chromatids are attached to one another is called the _____. A. centromere B. spindle C. aster D. centriole ___

13. During prophase, it is apparent that nuclear division is about to occur because _____. A. the chromatin has condensed B. the chromosomes are visible structures C. both A and B ___

14. The _____ most likely provide(s) the material for spindle formation. A. nucleus B. cytoskeleton C. sister chromatids D. plasma membrane ___

15. Which of the following distinguishes an animal cell from a plant cell A. centrioles B. spindle C. asters D. both A and C ___

16. Which of the following is NOT associated with prophase? A. fragmentation of the nuclear envelope B. disappearance of the nucleolus C. separation of the sister chromatids D. visible chromosomes ___

17. The first phase of nuclear division is called _____. A. telophase B. metaphase C. prophase D. interphase ___

18. After _____ nuclear division is completed. A. prophase B. metaphase C. telophase D. interphase ___

19. Alignment of the chromosomes at the equator of the spindle is characteristic of _____. A. metaphase B. prophase C. anaphase D. telophase ___

20. The nuclear envelopes re-form, chromosomes unwind back into chromatin, nucleoli reappear, and the spindledisappears during _____. A. prophase B. telophase C. metaphase D. anaphase ___

21. During __________, the chromosomes attach to the spindle and begin to align at the metaphase plate of the spindle. A. telophase B. prometaphase C. anaphase D. prophase ___

22. The sister chromatids separate from each other during _____. A. prophase B. telophase C. anaphase D. metaphase ___

23. The spindle begins to assemble during _____. A. prophase B. prometaphase C. metaphase D. anaphase ___

24. Meristem tissue is found in the __________ of a plant. A. root tips B. shoot tips C. stems D. all of the above ___

25. In plant cells, the vesicles which move along microtubules to the midpoint between the two daughter nuclei fuse to form acell __________. A. membrane B. plate C. wall ___

26. Daughter cells as a result of mitosis have a complete copy of _____. A. chromosomes B. genes C. both A and B ___

27. The separation of the two daughter cells during animal cell division begins when the _____ forms. A. cell wall B. spindle C. cleavage furrow D. cell plate ___

28. The period of DNA replication in the cell cycle is called the _____. A. M stage B. G1 stage C. S stage D. G2 stage ___

29. Interphase consists of the __________ stages of cellular growth and division. A. G1, G2 and M B. G1, S and G2 C. M, S, and G2 D. M, S and G1 ___

30. The enzyme that removes a phosphate group from ATP is called _____. A. cyclin B. kinase C. lipase D. cellulose ___

31. Movement of a cell through the various stages of the cell cycle appears to be controlled by _____. A. kinase B. growth factors C. cyclins D. all of the above ___

32. The cell grows in size and the number of cellular organelles increases during the _____ stage of the cell cycle. A. G1 B. S C. G2 D. M ___

33. The length of the different stages of the cell cycle _____. A. varies among species B. varies among different cells in the same individual C. both A and B ___

34. When most cancers occur, _____ is absent or nonfunctional. A. the p53 gene B. survivin C. angiogenesis ___

35. Which of the following is/are (a) mutagenic carcinogen(s)? A. radiation B. tobacco smoke C. viruses D. all of the above ___

36. Programmed cell death is known as _____. A. mitosis B. cytokinesis C. apoptosis ___

37. The p53 protein _____. A. inhibits repair enzymes B. stops the cell cycle during repair C. inhibits apoptosis D. all of the above ___

38. Which of the following characteristics is displayed by cancer cells? A. contact inhibition B. normal looking nuclei C. specialization D. chromosome mutations ___

39. A disorganized, generally encapsulated mass that does not invade adjacent tissue is known as a _____. A. neoplasia B. benign tumor C. anaplasia ___

40. Colon cancer may be prevented by _____. A. smoking B. high-fiber diets C. alcohol consumption D. hormone therapy ___

41. New methods of cancer treatment prevent _____ which cuts off the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the tumor. A. metastasis B. angiogenesis C. differentiation D. anaplasia ___

42. About 87% of all lung cancer cases are related to _____. A. radon exposure B. asbestos exposure C. smoking D. alcohol consumption ___