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Understanding Acids and Bases: Solutions, pH Scale, and Buffers Explained

Learn about acids and bases, solutions, pH scale, and buffers. Discover the properties of acids and bases, their effects, and the importance of pH balance.

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Understanding Acids and Bases: Solutions, pH Scale, and Buffers Explained

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  1. What are Acids and Bases??Section 2-3 Brainstorm: Name two acidic and two basic items in your home. Can acids and/or bases harm you? explain

  2. We need to Describe Solutions in order to understand acids and bases! • Solution- mixture in which one or more substances are UNIFORMLY distributed in another. “homogenous solution” • Solute- what gets dissolved. • Solvent- what does the dissolving. • Ex- salt water- salt is solute, water is solvent. Ice tea- mix=solute, water=solvent.

  3. What is the difference between a mechanical mixture and a solution? • SOLUTION = where a substance is dissolved in a liquid • ex: sugar dissolved in water • MIXTURE = when 2 substances are stirred together • ex: sugar crystals being mixed with salt grains

  4. Describing Solutions • Concentration- measurement of how solute is in a solution. • Saturated Solution-a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved. • Aqueous (aq) Solution- special name for solutions that use water as the solvent.

  5. Dissociation of Water • Basically the breaking apart of water into two oppositely charged ions. • H2O = H+ + OH- • OH- is the hydroxide ion • H+ reacts with another water • H+ + H2O = H3O+ • H3O+ is called hydronium ion

  6. Acids • If a solution has more hydronium ions (H3O+) than hydroxide (OH-) ions then it is an acid. • Acids have a sour taste and can be highly corrosive. • pH less than 7.

  7. Wait….. • Yucky pictures….. • Do you want to see????

  8. Ulcers

  9. Pressure Ulcer

  10. Bases • If a solution has more hydroxide (OH-) ions than hydronium (H3O+) ions, it is a base. • Alkaline is another word for basic. • Bases have a bitter taste, feel slippery and have pH’s above 7.

  11. pH • pH is a scale used to determine the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution. • It ranges from 0-14. • 0= very strong acid, 6.99999=weak acid • 14= very strong base, 7.0001=weak base • 7=neutral

  12. Buffers • Control of pH is very important in living systems. • Things like enzymes have a small pH range in which they function. • Buffers- chemicals that neutralize small amounts of acids and bases. • Buffers help maintain pH of bodies fluids.

  13. pH Scale

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