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Moreton in Marsh 9 May 2005

Discover how the Italian Fire Brigade tackles non-conventional scenarios with improved organization, procedures, and equipment to ensure effective responses. Learn about the skills, levels, and operational tactics employed.

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Moreton in Marsh 9 May 2005

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  1. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Moreton in Marsh9 May 2005 The Italian Response to nonConventional Attacks: An Exercise with Nerve Agents Authors : Edoardo Cavalieri d’Oro, Sonia Noci, Gilberto Giunti, Fabrizio Priori, Davide Fratantonio, Ilaria Scifoni, , Rosario Caccavo, Roberto Paoletti, Alessandro Giribaldi. Presented by Edoardo Cavalieri d’Oro

  2. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Institutional Tasks of the Italian National Fire Brigade • Technical Rescue prescribed by law 469/1961, including dangerous situations caused by the use of nuclear energy • Civil Defence, prescribed by D.Lgs. 300/1999

  3. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Institutional Tasks of the Italian National Fire Brigade SINCE 1961 we operated with conventional scenarios on chemical and petrolchemical plants (i.e. Seveso) At the BEGINNING we were operating with few specialized units (Milan,Venice, Rome..) ..but NOW we need to apply this knowledge and experience to non-conventional scenarios

  4. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Regulation 6, May 2002 Focused on the need to improve the capabilities of CNVVF toward non-conventional scenarios: Organization Procedures & Education Personal Protections & Equipments

  5. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Organization - Goals Regulation 6 focuses on two different goals Territorial Coverage Highly Specialized Staff

  6. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Organization - Skills The Italian VF response to non conventional threaths is based upon the following classifications: • Four different skill levels • Three different operational levels

  7. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Organization – Levels 0,1 Level 0 & level 1 skills: • First Operations at the Scenario • Risks Acknowledgement • Zoning • P.O.S. (Standardized Operational Procedures..) • Use of Individual Protective Systems and Equipments

  8. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Organization – Level 2 Level 2 skills: • Analisys of the Capability to Operate in Complex Scenarios • Adequate use of all Equipments • Reporting and Documentation

  9. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Organization – Level 3 Level 3 skills: • Operational: Acting in complex scenarios by means of personal Protective System & Technical Equipments • Management: Coordination & Cooperation with the Police and the Emergency Rescue

  10. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco The Current NBCR Response Accounts of… • More than 20 non-conventional exercises per year • 6 non-conventional international exercises • All operators skilled at least with level 0 • Equipments & Personal Protection Systems available at every fire station

  11. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Firefighters’ Operations in NBCR Accidents RISK EVALUATION THE CHOICE OF 1) REFERENCE SCENARIOS 2) REFERENCE EVENTS

  12. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco 1)ReferenceScenario: • Recovery without dispersion • Dispersion in confined zone • 3. Environmental contamination 2) Reference Events: • Release without fire or explosion • B. Release with fire or explosion • C. Recovery of dangerous substances without (or with remote) risk of release

  13. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Scenarios Evaluation Table

  14. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco The Procedural Model The EIGHT STEPS Model Intervention Tecniques ZONING and DPIs

  15. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco The EIGHT STEPS Model 1 – Site Control 2 – Substance Identification 3 – Dangers and Risk Analysis 4 – Evaluations of the Instruments and DPI 5 – Coordination of Information and Resources 6 – Control and Containment of the Substance 7 – Decontamination 8 – End of the Intervention

  16. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco ZONING – Areas of Intervention WIND - Not Dangerous - Not Operating - Waiting Area for Authorities, Media.. Command Unit • Command Unit • - Firefighters with ordinary protection - Health workers with ordinary protection - Not Dangerous- Operating DECON - Decontamination- Firefighters with NBC protection- Health workers with NBC protection - Potentially Dangerous - Operating - Dangerous- Operating - Only HAZMAT team Full protection - Dangerous- Not Operating(Not Accessible) - Nobody (forbidden area)

  17. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco DPIs and Zones Protective suits YELLOW ZONE Protective suits ORANGE ZONE Protective suits RED ZONE

  18. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco NBCR Protective Clothing SUITS NBCR Machines and Instrumentations DETECTORS SPECIAL VEHICLES

  19. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Suits • The protective suit type 1a-ET • The protective suit type 3

  20. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Detectors and Vehicles VOC Detector - Volatile Organic Compound Command Unit Vehicle

  21. NBCR Activity: Some Pratical Examples • 3 Simulated Exercises • 1 Concrete Example • We here report 1 Simulated Exercise complete of analysis of the events: The so called Termini 2004 Exercise

  22. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Exercise S. Giorgio 2004 Subway Station Scenario: Bacteriological Attack Subway station: • Station: -12.80 m • First floor: -8.81 m. 30 people involved

  23. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Red Zone 2004 Civil Defence Exercise Scenario: A small explosion followed by smoke release. The smoke expands rapidly within the ground of a sport center where two teams are playing volleyball. Location: Modena, “Palazzo dello Sport” Civilians involved: 14 players fell to the floor, some of them fainted The managers of the two teams alert immediately the health service: “118”…

  24. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Mall Auchan Olbia 2004: a True Experience 14:40: ten people within a mall start coughing and having problems with their throats 14:45: The team arrives and in three minutes realizes a toxic agent could be in the pipes of conditioning system All the information available are sent to the Control Room that is going to communicate the event to the provincial NBCR Regional Nucleus, to the Officer in charge and to the Commandant…

  25. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco The Exercise Termini 2004: The Simulated Scenario The Location Attack with nerve agents in a mall located in the basement of the Station Termini is a railway and underground station located in the middle of Rome

  26. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco People involved in the Exercise • 250 People contaminated or casualties • whose 20 contaminated and unable to walk The Resources we made use of: • 90 Firefighters divided into: • 24 operators wearing the protective suit type 3 • 12 operators wearing the protective suit type 1a-ET • 34 Vehicles

  27. VF Resources by Functions Command and Control 1 Comm.nt 2 Eng. 1C.R. Corpo Nazionale Hazmat Detection & Confinement 1 C.Sq. 2 Operators Hazmat Rescue 1 C.Sq. 5 Operators Vigili del Fuoco Mobile Control Center 1 C.R. 2 Operators Primary Technical Decontamination 2 C.Sq. 7 Operators Telecommunication Laboratory 1 C.R. 3 Operators Secondary Technical Decontamin. 1 C.Sq. 5 Operators Mass Decontamin. with Shelter 1 C.R. 8 Operators Mass Decontamin.with Pneum Tent 1 C.R. 9 Operators Logistic for hazmat operations 1 C.R. 4 Operators Logistic and Support 1 C. Sq. 3 Operators

  28. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco PRE DECONTAMINAT.AREA ORANGE ZONE YELLOW ZONE DECONTAMIN. STRETCHER LOGISTIC AREA COMMAND & CONTROL CENTER Station’s Zoning RED ZONE MASS DECONTAMINATION WITH TENTS TECHNICAL DECONTAMINATION BUS MASS DECONTAMINATION on SHELTER

  29. Corpo Nazionale Tents Vigili del Fuoco Shelter Termini 24.03.2004 ; 1:30 Stretcher Technical coordination Logistic coordination Command Center

  30. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Tasks - Scheme Coordination and Command Area NBCR Operations in Red Zone Logistic NBCR operations Technical Decontaminat. Mass Decontaminat. Logistic and Support Primary Shelter Secondary Pneumatic Tents Tents for stretchers

  31. Technical Primary Decontamination • Installation Time: 10 minutes • N° Operators: 2-3 • Decontamination Rate : 30 - 40 person/hour Emergency Showers

  32. Secondary Decontamination Shelter Installation Time: 20 min N° Operators: 3 Decontamination Rate: 20 pers/h

  33. Secondary DecontaminationTent for mass decontamination “Self-inflatable” Pneumatic System The system can be installed by means of an electric pump or oxygen bottle. Installation Time: 45 min N° Operators: 10 Dec. Rate: 40-50 person/h

  34. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco 3D Inside View of the Decontamination Station C B A – Undressing Area A B – Shower Area C – Dressing Area

  35. A note about the equipment: used for people unable to walk • Some of the stretchers had been modified by installing • wells and big handles in order to use it by means of a single operator A. Stretchers

  36. A note about the equipment: used for people unable to walk B. Shower for Stretcher Installation Time: 10 min N° Operators: 2

  37. A note about the equipment: used for people unable to walk C. Power Truck Useful to carry on two casualties in case of long path. It has also been used to transport materials or as an anchorage for the “recovery system for escalators” Installation Time: 5 min

  38. Kit NBCR installed on the APS (fire truck vehicle) (Circ. 6/2002) There are some issues related to their collocation aboard : Absence of dedicated slots aboard Storage methods for suits (within boxes that are going to be exposed to the ray lights? DuPont is actually conducting some aging tests in order to verify possible damages to suits and equipments) Storage Methods for the equipment (The breathing apparatus is suggested to be stored within the range 15-30 °C) Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Analysis of the Exercise OK Zoning, Cooperation with other aiders, communications Suits type 4 (Circ. 6/2002) • It would be necessary (Circ. 6/2002) to use this suit together with the suit 1a ET (There are more disadvantages than benefits). • Suits in “sontara” are going to solve the experienced difficulties

  39. Analysis of the Exercise Sticker Detector (Circ. 6/2002) The current equipment isn’t useful because stickers showed a low adherence over time. We ordered a set of new generation stickers whose properties can be summarized as it follows: • Increased in Size • Improved sticking properties • An higher sensibility in terms of number of different agents detectable • Similar detectors but for the biological risk detection are also available in the marketplace Vest and Saline Integrators • A comfortable and useful option is given by the vest with pockets that can be worn under the suit 1a ET This solution allows to keep useful tools within reach : radio, demister, lights, saline integrators, etc. • In order to increase the operators efficiency it has been tested that saline integrators can be assumed during operations. The operators wearing the 1a ET suits did not face problems by assuming integrators inside the suit.

  40. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco Summary of the NBCR Activities Common Problems: Recognition of the NBCR scenario faced by the operators The first call to the health service: better procedures are required First incoming VV.F. team is often inadequately protected: better descriptions of the possible scenarios are required The operators suffer of a physical ad psychological stress It is needed to: • Substitute operators during the intervention • Saline integrators, • Comfortable suits that are going to allow movements and that are going to access work tools. Things that always worked: Organization and zoning!

  41. Corpo Nazionale Vigili del Fuoco MoreTon in Marsh May 2005 (THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE!) THE END

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