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2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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4. Types of Social Groups Social Groups and Organization Functions of Social Groups Large Social Groups Bureaucracy ] Group Dynamics Social Groups and Organization Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. Social Structure in the Global Perspective Social Groups and Organization(continued) ] Social Groups and Organization Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

6. Social Groups and Organization > Types of Social Groups Types of Social Groups • The Nature of Groups • Primary Groups • Secondary Groups • In-Groups and Out-Groups • Reference Groups • Social Networks • Online Communities Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-groups-and-organization-6/types-of-social-groups-53/

7. Social Groups and Organization > Functions of Social Groups Functions of Social Groups • Defining Boundaries • Choosing Leaders • Making Decisions • Setting Goals • Controlling the Behaviors of Group Members Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-groups-and-organization-6/functions-of-social-groups-54/

8. Social Groups and Organization > Large Social Groups Large Social Groups • Formal Structure • Informal Structure • Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft • Mechanical and Organic Solidarity Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-groups-and-organization-6/large-social-groups-55/

9. Social Groups and Organization > Bureaucracy Bureaucracy • Bureaucracies and Formal Groups • Weber's Model for Bureaucracy • The "McDonaldization" of Society Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-groups-and-organization-6/bureaucracy-56/

10. Social Groups and Organization > Group Dynamics Group Dynamics • Effects of Group Size on Stability and Intimacy • Effects of Group Size on Attitude and Behavior • The Asch Experiment: The Power of Peer Pressure • The Milgram Experiment: The Power of Authority • Groupthink Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-groups-and-organization-6/group-dynamics-57/

11. Social Groups and Organization > Social Structure in the Global Perspective Social Structure in the Global Perspective • Durkheim's Mechanical and Organic Solidarity • Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft • Lenski's Sociological Evolution Approach Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-groups-and-organization-6/social-structure-in-the-global-perspective-58/

12. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

13. Social Groups and Organization Key terms • associationA group of persons associated for a common purpose; an organization; society. • authority figuresA person that displays a form or a symbol of authority. • Autocratic leadershipAll decision-making powers are centralized in the leader, as with dictators. • Close friendsThey are examples of primary groups. • cohesionState of cohering, or of working together. • cohesivenessThe state of being cohesive. • Collective ConsciousA conscience for Durkheim is preeminently the organ of sentiments and representations; it is not the rational organ that the term consciousness would imply. • conformitythe ideology of adhering to one standard or social uniformity • consensusA process of decision making that seeks widespread agreement among group members. • Consensus decision-makingIt is a group decision making process that seeks the consent, not necessarily the agreement of participants and the resolution of objections. • dunbar's numberDunbar's number is a suggested cognitive limit to the number of people with whom one can maintain stable social relationships. • dyadA pair of things standing in particular relation; dyadic relation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

14. Social Groups and Organization • Emile DurkheimDavid Émile Durkheim (April 15, 1858 – November 15, 1917) was a French sociologist. He formally established the academic discipline and, with Karl Marx and Max Weber, is commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science and father of sociology. • feedbackCritical assessment on information produced. • Formal organizationIt is a fixed set of rules of intra-organization procedures and structures. • Gerhard LenskiHe is an American sociologist known for contributions to the sociology of religion, social inequality, and ecological-evolutionary social theory. • goalA desired result that one works to achieve. • groupA number of things or persons being in some relation to one another. • groupA number of things or persons being in some relation to one another. • Group polarizationIt refers to the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. • Group polarizationIt refers to the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. • groupthinkA process of reasoning or decision making by a group, especially one characterized by uncritical acceptance or conformity to a perceived majority view. • groupthinkA process of reasoning or decision making by a group, especially one characterized by uncritical acceptance or conformity to a perceived majority view. • groupthinkA process of reasoning or decision making by a group, especially one characterized by uncritical acceptance or conformity to a perceived majority view. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

15. Social Groups and Organization • herd behaviorThe behavior exhibited by individuals in a group who act together without planned direction. • ideal typeAn ideal type is not a particular person or thing that exists in the world, but an extreme form of a concept used by sociologists in theories. For example, although there is not a perfectly "modern" society, the term "modern" is used as an ideal type in certain theories to make large-scale points. • impersonalLacking warmth or emotion; cold. • in-group biasIt refers to a preference and affinity for one's in-group over the out-group, or anyone viewed as outside the in-group. • In-group favoritismIt refers to a preference and affinity for one's in-group over the out-group, or anyone viewed as outside the in-group. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, linking, allocation of resources and many other ways. • individual mobilityThe ability of an individual to move from one social group to another. • Informal organizationsIt consists of a dynamic set of personal relationships, social networks, communities of common interest, and emotional sources of motivation. The informal organization evolves organically and spontaneously in response to changes in the work environment, the flux of people through its porous boundaries, and the complex social dynamics of its members. • information systemAny data processing system, either manual or computerized • institutionAn established organization, especially one dedicated to education, public service, culture, or the care of the destitute, poor etc. • Intergroup aggressionIt is any behavior intended to harm another person because he or she is a member of an out-group, the behavior being viewed by its targets as undesirable. • iron cagea theory proposed by Max Weber which argues that rationalization and rules trap humans in a figurative "cage" of thought based on rational calculations • kinshiprelation or connection by blood, marriage, or adoption Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

16. Social Groups and Organization • leaderone who organizes or directs a group of people • Max Weber(1864–1920) A German sociologist, philosopher, and political economist who profoundly influenced social theory, social research, and the discipline of sociology itself. • milgram experimentIt was a series of notable social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram in the 1960s. It measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal conscience. • nodeThey are the individual actors within the networks, and ties are the relationships between the actors. • normA rule that is enforced by members of a community. • Online communitiesIt is a virtual community that exists online and whose members enable its existence through taking part in membership ritual. • primary groupIt is typically a small social group whose members share close, personal, enduring relationships. These groups are marked by concern for one another, shared activities and culture, and long periods of time spent together. • procedureA particular method for performing a task. • Public administrationIt houses the implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work. • Rational-legal authorityA form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a ruling regime is largely tied to legal rationality, legal legitimacy and bureaucracy. • red tapeA derisive term for regulations or bureaucratic procedures that are considered excessive or excessively time- and effort-consuming. • reference groupit is a concept referring to a group to which an individual or another group is compared. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

17. Social Groups and Organization • relationshipConnection or association; the condition of being related. • Secondary groupsThey are large groups whose relationships are impersonal and goal-oriented. • self-identitya multi-dimensional construct that refers to an individual's perception of "self" in relation to any number of characteristics, such as academics and non academics, gender roles and sexuality, racial identity,and many others. • shared cultureLenski claims that members of a society are united by a shared culture, although cultural patterns become more diverse as a society gains more complex technology and information. • social capitalThe good will, sympathy, and connections created by social interaction within and between social networks. • social groupA collection of humans or animals that share certain characteristics, interact with one another, accept expectations and obligations as members of the group, and share a common identity. • social groupA collection of humans or animals that share certain characteristics, interact with one another, accept expectations and obligations as members of the group, and share a common identity. • social roleit is a set of connected behaviors, rights, and obligations as conceptualized by actors in a social situation. • Sociocultural evolutionIt is an umbrella term for theories of cultural evolution and social evolution, describing how cultures and societies have changed over time. • SolidarityIt is the integration—and degree and type of integration—shown by a society or group with people and their neighbors. • SolidarityA bond of unity between individuals, united around a common goal or against a common enemy, such as the unifying principle that defines the labor movement. • Street-level bureaucracyIt is the subset of a public agency or government institution containing the individuals who carry out and enforce the actions required by laws and public policies Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

18. Social Groups and Organization • symbolic boundaryConceptual distinctions made by social actors that separate people into groups and generate feelings of similarity and group membership. • The social cohesion approachMore than a simple collection or aggregate of individuals, such as people waiting at a bus stop, or people waiting in a line. • The social identity approachPosits that the necessary and sufficient condition for the formation of social groups is awareness of a common category membership. • Toxic leadershipA toxic leader is someone who has responsibility over a group of people or an organization, and who abuses the leader-follower relationship by leaving the group or organization in a worse-off condition than when he/she first found them. • Trait theory of leadershipIt is defined as integrated patterns of personal characteristics that reflect a range of individual differences and foster consistent leader effectiveness across a variety of group and organizational situations • triada group of three people • weblogA website in the form of an ongoing journal; a blog. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

19. Social Groups and Organization Children and Marbles Early childhood peers engaged in parallel play. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Children marbles."CC BY 2.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Children_marbles.jpgView on Boundless.com

20. Social Groups and Organization Formal Organization A formal organization is a fixed set of rules of intra-organization procedures and structures. As such, it is usually set out in writing, with a language of rules that ostensibly leave little discretion for interpretation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."PSTech Belgrade workplace."CC BY-SA 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSTech_Belgrade_workplace.jpgView on Boundless.com

21. Social Groups and Organization Law Enforcement Officials A law enforcement official is a social category, not a group. However, law enforcement officials who all work in the same station and regularly meet to plan their day and work together would be considered part of a group. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."US Secret Service officers."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Secret_Service_officers.jpgView on Boundless.com

22. Social Groups and Organization Reference group Reference groups become the individual's frame of reference and source for ordering his or her experiences, perceptions, cognition, and ideas of self. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Hpv-race."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hpv-race.jpgView on Boundless.com

23. Social Groups and Organization Goal setting and achievement Athletes set goals during the training process. Through choice, effort, persistence, and cognition, they can prepare to compete. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Geograph."Running Through Canary Wharf (C) Martin Addison :: Geograph Britain and Ireland."CC BY-SA 2.0http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2924538View on Boundless.com

24. Social Groups and Organization Autocratic leadership Benito Mussolini, a fascist dictator who ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943, is an example of autocratic leadership, where all decision-making powers were centralized on him. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Benito Mussolini by Philip Alexius de László, 1923."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benito_Mussolini_by_Philip_Alexius_de_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3,_1923.jpgView on Boundless.com

25. Social Groups and Organization Crowds and Large Groups This large group may share some traits (such as enjoyment of the concert that the crowd just witnessed), but likely vary in many other traits. Large groups introduce diversity of attitudes and behaviors. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com http://Flickr.CC BYhttp://FlickrView on Boundless.com

26. Social Groups and Organization Henri Tajfel The in-group and out-group concepts originate from social identity theory, which grew out of the work of social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Tajfel."CC BY 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tajfel.jpgView on Boundless.com

27. Social Groups and Organization Bureaucracy - Magritte An illustration made in homage of the original painting by René Magritte depicting the faceless men that comprise bureaucracies. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr."Bureaucracy - Magritte | Flickr - Photo Sharing!."CC BY 2.0http://www.flickr.com/photos/oddsock/282420343/View on Boundless.com

28. Social Groups and Organization Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela, the President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, is an example of democratic leadership. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Nelson Mandela-2008."CC BY 2.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nelson_Mandela-2008.jpgView on Boundless.com

29. Social Groups and Organization Ferdinand Tönnies Ferdinand Tönnies' bust in Husum, Germany. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Ferdinand Toennies Bueste Husum-Ausschnitt."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ferdinand_Toennies_Bueste_Husum-Ausschnitt.jpgView on Boundless.com

30. Social Groups and Organization Doctors as Secondary Groups The doctor-patient relationship is another example of secondary groups. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Doctor uses a stethoscope to examine a young patient."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doctor_uses_a_stethoscope_to_examine_a_young_patient.JPEGView on Boundless.com

31. Social Groups and Organization George Ritzer George Ritzer is a sociologist who studies American patterns of consumption, globalization, metatheory, and modern and postmodern social theory. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."McDonaldization of Society."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldization_of_SocietyView on Boundless.com

32. Social Groups and Organization The McDonaldization Theory of George Ritzer "McDonaldization" is a term used by sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1993). He explains it occurs when a culture possesses the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant. McDonaldization is a reconceptualization of rationalization, or moving from traditional to rational modes of thought, and scientific management. Where Max Weber used the model of the bureaucracy to represent the direction of this changing society, Ritzer sees the fast-food restaurant as having become a more representative contemporary paradigm. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

33. Social Groups and Organization Social Identity Approach The explanatory profiles of social identity and self-categorization theories. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."SIT approach."CC BY 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SIT_approach.jpgView on Boundless.com

34. Social Groups and Organization French Stereotypes Prejudice is similar to stereotype in that a stereotype is a generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Stéréotypes Français."CC BY-SA 2.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St%C3%A9r%C3%A9otypes_Fran%C3%A7ais.jpgView on Boundless.com

35. Social Groups and Organization Max Weber Max Weber and Wilhelm Dilthey introduced verstehen—understanding behaviors—as goal of sociology. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Max Weber 1894."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Max_Weber_1894.jpgView on Boundless.com

36. Social Groups and Organization Reference group Reference groups provide the benchmarks and contrast needed for comparison and evaluation of group and personal characteristics. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr."One of the sit-down groups, Open Space, Trusted Advisors, ACMP 2012 | Flickr - Photo Sharing!."CC BY 2.0http://www.flickr.com/photos/stella12/7045899425/View on Boundless.com

37. Social Groups and Organization The Milgram Experiment Setup The experimenter (E) orders the teacher (T), the subject of the experiment, to give what the latter believes are painful electric shocks to a learner (L), who is actually an actor and confederate. The subject believes that for each wrong answer, the learner was receiving actual electric shocks, though in reality there were no such punishments. Being separated from the subject, the confederate set up a tape recorder integrated with the electro-shock generator, which played pre-recorded sounds for each shock level. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Milgram Experiment v2."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Milgram_Experiment_v2.pngView on Boundless.com

38. Social Groups and Organization Agriculture A tractor ploughing an alfalfa field circa 1921. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Agriculture (Plowing) CNE-v1-p58-H."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agriculture_(Plowing)_CNE-v1-p58-H.jpgView on Boundless.com

39. Social Groups and Organization Facebook While payment is necessary to participate in some online communities, such as certain dating websites or for monthly game subscriptions, many other sites are free to users such as social networks Facebook and Twitter. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Facebook icon."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Facebook_icon.svgView on Boundless.com

40. Social Groups and Organization Kafka and Weber This is an illustration of the fiction writer, Franz Kafka, who wrote about bureaucratic nightmares, and the sociologist, Max Weber, who studied bureaucracies. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr."Bureaucracy illustration | Flickr - Photo Sharing!."CC BY-SA 2.0http://www.flickr.com/photos/kongharald/3821492016/View on Boundless.com

41. Social Groups and Organization Consensus Decision-Making This diagram shows how decisions are made by consensus. Consensus requires that a majority approve a given course of action, but that the minority agree to go along with the course of action. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Consensus-flowchart."CC BY-SA 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Consensus-flowchart.pngView on Boundless.com

42. Social Groups and Organization Families as Social Groups This family from the 1970s would be an example of a primary group. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."1975family."CC BY 2.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1975family.jpgView on Boundless.com

43. Social Groups and Organization Bureaucratic Red Tape Bundle of U.S. pension documents from 1906 bound in red tape. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."NARA Backstage Pass (2011-08) - 14."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NARA_Backstage_Pass_(2011-08)_-_14.jpgView on Boundless.com

44. Social Groups and Organization Charles Cooley The concept of the primary group was introduced by Charles Cooley, a sociologist from the Chicago School of sociology, in his book, "Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind" (1909). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Charles Cooley."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Cooley.pngView on Boundless.com

45. Social Groups and Organization Milgram Experiment Advertisement Image of the original advertisement posted to solicit study participants for the Milgram experiment. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Milgram Experiment advertising."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Milgram_Experiment_advertising.pngView on Boundless.com

46. Social Groups and Organization Social Network Illustration An example of a social network diagram Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Social network."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networkView on Boundless.com

47. Social Groups and Organization Diagram of a Network Individuals in groups are connected to each other by social relationships. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com http://Wikimedia.Public domainhttp://WikimediaView on Boundless.com

48. Social Groups and Organization Groupthink in the Kennedy Administration The United States Bay of Pigs Invasion, implemented by President John F. Kennedy, was one of the primary political case studies that Irving Janis used in explaining the theory of groupthink. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."John F. Kennedy, White House photo portrait, looking up."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_F._Kennedy,_White_House_photo_portrait,_looking_up.jpgView on Boundless.com

49. Social Groups and Organization Studying Group Attitudes and Behaviors Sociologists study interactions within groups, and between both groups and individuals. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Soc-psy diagram."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Soc-psy_diagram.jpgView on Boundless.com

50. Social Groups and Organization Ferdinand Toennies In Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887), Ferdinand Tönnies set out to develop the concepts Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft that could be used as analytic tools for understanding why and how the social world is organized. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Ferdinand Toennies Bueste Husum-Ausschnitt."CC BY-SA 2.5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ferdinand_Toennies_Bueste_Husum-Ausschnitt.jpgView on Boundless.com