February 7, 2014

1. February 7, 2014 • Label the Greece and Asia Minor map with the key places and features. • Then, color the water blue.

4. Early Greece

7. 1. Minoans and Mycenaean • Minoans of Crete • 2000 B.C. • Established colonies on islands in the Aegean Sea • Traded goods with these colonies

8. ii. Minoan Life • Buildings • Solidly constructed • Private rooms • Basic plumbing • Brightly colored artwork on the walls

9. 2. Artwork • Has helped historians understand Minoan life • Ships tell us that they were tied to the sea • Women appear to have major roles in society • Also shows what they did for fun

11. 3. Writing • They did have a writing system • Called Linear A • We do not know how to read it.

12. Linear A script of the Minoans (1700 – 1550 BC) 100 symbols, each representing a syllable

13. iii. Decline • Minoan society suddenly fell apart • One possible cause was a world-shaking disaster • Eventually would be conquered by Mycenae

14. b. The Mycenaean State • Located on mainland Greece • Language was a form of Greek

15. iii. Society • Dominated by intense competition • Frequent warfare • Powerful kings

16. iv. Kings • Taxed trade and farming • Built great palaces and high walls • Example: the Lion’s Gate

17. v. Inspired great legends • Trojan War • Greeks fought a powerful city called Troy • Historians are not sure if the war happened • Have found remains of a city they believed to be Troy • Evidence suggests that the city was destroyed in Battle

18. 2. Greek City-States • Life in a polis • A Polis (city-state) became the basic political unit in Greece • Each polis had their own law, customs and government

19. iii. A polis was built around a high area called an acropolis • Used as a fortress • Housed temples to the gods • Spaces for public ceremonies

20. iv. Below the acropolis was the agora (marketplace) • People did business, gossiped, and discussed politics • Shops, houses and more temples surrounded the agora v. City wall surrounded the entire polis

22. b. Sparta • Located on the large peninsula of southern Greece • Took control of the towns around them • Made captured people become helots (state slave) • Helots were forced to do manual labor

23. iii. Spartans spent their time training for war • Built up their army to keep the helots under control iv. Military • Demanded toughness and strength from birth • Babies were examined for strength after birth • If found to be unhealthy was left out in the wilderness to die

24. 3. Boys were taught by their mothers until the age of 7 4. At 7 boys went to a school to be trained for combat • Created by King Lycurgus • Goal was to prepare the boys for the hardships they would face as soldiers

25. 5. At the end of their training, boys were sent into the wilderness without food or supplies and were expected to survive 6. At 20, boys became hoplites (foot soldiers) 7. Had to serve 10 years in the military, then they could leave and take their place as citizens

26. v. Women • Trained in gymnastics for physical fitness • Believed they had to be fit to have strong children • Had the right to own property

27. vi. Politics • Sparta had 2 kings who served as military commanders • Council of Elders • Made the decisions • Considered an honor to be on this council

28. 3. Gods and Heroes • Olympic gods • Greeks believed in hundreds of gods and goddesses • Deities governed one aspect of nature of life • Believed 12 gods were particularly influential in their lives • These 12 gods lived together on Mt. Olympus

29. a. Zeus- King of the gods; god of the Sky b. Hera- Queen of the gods; goddess of marriage and women

30. c. Poseidon- god of the seas and earthquakes d. Hades-god of the underworld

31. e. Demeter- goddess of agriculture f. Hestia- goddess of the hearth and family

32. g. Athena- goddess of wisdom h. Apollo- god of prophecy, healing, poetry, music and the sun

33. i. Artemis-goddess of hunting and the moon j. Ares-god of war

34. k. Aphrodite- goddess of love l. Hephaestus- god of metal work

35. iv. Did not consider the gods to be perfect • Greek myths indicate this belief • Each polis claimed one god or goddess as its special protector

36. v. Believed some places to be sacred • Example: Delphi vi. Olympic Games • Held every 4 years

37. b. Myths about Heroes • Purpose of the myths • Used to teach Greeks where they came from and what sort of people they should be

38. Hercules • Son of Zeus • Had godlike strength • Renown across Greece

39. b. Theseus • Athenian prince who killed the Minotaur of Crete • Famous only in his home city

40. ii. What they did • Killed monsters • Made discoveries • Founded cities • Talked with god almost on equal terms

41. iii. Hubris • According to Greek myths heroes could only rise so far • Hubris (great pride) brought many heroes to tragic ends • Deaths served as a lesson to not overstretch one’s abilities

42. Minoans and Mycenaeans • Use your notes, textbooks, and technology to complete the Minoans vs. Mycenaeans graphic organizer. • Use pages 127 – 129 (including maps) • Use the book with the black spine, pages 64 - 67

43. The Odyssey • Read The Odyssey on page 133 of your text. • Write a one-page (minimum) news broadcast about the Trojan War

44. February 10, 2014 • Analyze the map on page 126. With your partner, create a list of Greece's geographic advantages and disadvantages. Then, answer questions 1 and 2.

45. War and Democracy in Greece

46. 1. Athenian Democracy • Development • Birth place for democracy was Athens • A form of government run by the people

47. ii. Significant Leaders • Draco • Thought the only way to end unrest was through harsh punishment • He reformed city laws to accomplish this idea • Harshness of the laws only made things worse

48. 2. Solon • Overturned Draco’s laws and reformed them • Outlawed slavery • Encouraged trade to help reduce poverty • Allowed all men in Athens to take part in the assembly that governed the city and serve on juries that heard trials • Only the wealthy could run and hold office • First real steps toward democracy

49. 3. Peisistratus • Was a tyrant • A strong man who seizes power by force and claims to rule for the good of the people • Was popular with the people • Pushed aristocrats out of office • Increased trade to make Athens richer

50. 4. Cleisthenes • Reforms set the stage for Athenian Democracy • Divided Athens into 10 tribes • These tribes would be the basis on for their elections