Presented by: Sara Johnson, M.S. Coordinator for Alcohol Programs

1. Take a Stand to Collaborate. Make a Choice to Intervene. Sgt. Jill Weisensel, M.S. Department of Public Safety Presented by: Sara Johnson, M.S. Coordinator for Alcohol Programs

2. Overview • Introduction • Outcomes & Objectives • Best-Practice & Research • MU TAKES ACTION Curriculum • Assessment & Data Collection Overview • Scenarios & Audience Participation • Question & Answer

3. Objectives • Provide an overview of a personal-safety, proxemic management, and communication-based bystander intervention-training curriculum. • Describe the methodology, strategy, and lessons learned in developing and assessing a peer-based bystander intervention program • Disseminate the findings of a formal process and impact evaluation of the TAKES ACTION bystander intervention program The purpose of the Marquette TAKES ACTION bystander intervention program is to prevent community-wide harm/risk by offering the communication tactics, skills, and strategies to intervene effectively.

4. Best-Practice & Research • Socio-ecological model • Peer to peer education • Perspective-taking • Risk assessment/threat assessment • Emergency vs. non-emergency • Communication-based

5. Our Approach

6. Socio-ecological Model Alcohol & Drug Policy Revisions Fall 2012 (complicity) First 6-Week Enforcement Collaboration GSP Fall 2013 Prevention Collaboration Who Will You Be At Marquette? Social Norming Campaign Group Norming/Risk Management Didactic Training (SV)

7. DSA LEADERSHIP MODEL

8. Expanding our understanding and addressing High Risk Situations BYSTANDERS comprise the most people in the cycle of violence, greatly outnumbering the number of VICTIMSand PERPETRATORS We need to recognize conditions where people could be “victimized. THIS IS NOT BLAMING THE VICTIM Based on research by MU SVP First Year Programming

9. Perspective Taking • The ability to identify with the feelings, thoughts, andbeliefsof another person. • In order to take the perspective of another person: • Imagine how the person thinks and feels. • Imagine being in the same situation. • Imagine that you are the other person. “The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who don't do anything about it.” -Albert Einstein

10. Marquette t.a.k.e.s. a.c.t.i.o.n. Threat Assessment Keeps Everybody Safer One of the keys to bystander mobilization is NOTICING THE EVENT! To do this, we must all be PERSONALLY AWARE in our environment!

11. Marquette t.a.k.e.s. a.c.t.i.o.n. A. Aware Notice the event. Interpret it as a problem (red flags) and assume personal responsibility to help. C. Create Possible solutions. Think it through and pick your strategy. T. tag team Stay calm. Enlist help if you can. I. Intervene When safe and appropriate. O. Open Dialogue/observe options Be conscious of your delivery style. Use perspective taking and create context in light of the goal. N. Negotiate Solution/negate further conflict Draw a line in the sand. Know the appropriate “next step.”

12. How do I Improve Personal Situational Awareness? • This includes: • When/Then Thinking • Identifying Risk Indicators and Red Flags • 360 Degree Proxemic Management Have a sense of responsibility for your own safety!

13. Intervention Strategies • Presence • Group Intervention • Clarification • Bring It Home • “I” Statements • Humor • Silent Stare • Distraction • “We’re Friends, right?” • Cut and Divide • Take a Picture These Strategies are adapted from the University of Arizona’s Step UP! Program, the Virginia Tech Bystander Intervention Playbook, and the Men Can Stop Rape Program

14. The Strategies Presence: • Acknowledge Presence • Confirmed Presence • Contact Presence • Verbal* (Outlined throughout the next 10 Strategies) • Barrier* (Outlined throughout the Bystander Safety Matrix and Personal Defense Options for When Words Alone Fail) • Monitor Remember: There are approach considerationsand strategies can be non-intrusive!

15. The Strategies Take a Picture: Have a camera phone? Use technology to your advantage. People immediately sensor their behavior when they know they are being recorded! Notice a security camera? Politely point it out.

16. It’s Not WhatYou Say,It’s HOW You Say It! “I Never Said He Stole The Money” “People Hear What They See.” “But what’s in a word? Really?”

17. Engagement Phrases “The team needs you and expects more from you.” “This is ‘X-school.’ That is not what we are about.” “I hope no one talks about you like that.” “You may not have offended me, but your words/actions/behaviors, may have offended someone else.” “Could you clarify what you just said, I’m not sure I understood that correctly?” “Really?” Adapted from the Verbal Defense and Influence “Peace Phrases”

18. Engagement Phrases “Wow, do you really feel that way about ‘x’ person/group/behavior?” “I didn’t expect that from you.” “We’re friends right?” “I appreciate you doing/saying ‘x’ but…” “I know you’re a reasonable person.” “Would you work with me here?” “This is good for you, good for me, and good for everybody/the team/ ‘x’ school.” Adapted from the Verbal Defense and Influence “Peace Phrases”

19. Engagement Phrases “How can I help/how can we fix this if you keep yelling at me?” “Could you please explain to me what is going on from your perspective/as you see it?” “Right now, this is a small issue; let’s work together so it doesn’t become ‘x.’” “That didn’t necessarily offend me, but it may have offended someone else.” “Hey now, take it back, you didn’t really mean that did you?” “Well, why?” Adapted from the Verbal Defense and Influence “Peace Phrases”

20. Data Collection & Assessment Spring 2012: n=200 The bystander effect refers to the finding that: • bystanders will be more likely to help when they feel they are competent to do so(38%) • the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely individuals are to help(59%) According to the presentation, the first step in deciding to help in an emergency is: • noticing the event(80%) The phenomenon in which each bystander’s sense of responsibility to help decreases as thenumber of witnesses increases best defines:diffusion of responsibility(67%)

21. Data Collection & Assessment Perspective Taking is when you: • Imagine how a person thinks/feels • Imagine being in the same situation • Imagine you are the other person • All of the above (90%) Value Based Decisions take into account which of the following (mark all that apply): • Immediate Costs/Benefits • Long term Costs/Benefits • Others that might be affected • Getting others to STOP AND THINK • All of the above (72%)

22. Data Collection & Assessment • The BEST part of training was: Scenarios & Discussion • NEEDS IMPROVEMENT: Length • I would recommend this training to others (85%) • The following parts of the training were effective: - PowerPoint Presentation (87%) - Scenarios/Discussion (91%) - The Presenter (100%)

23. Assessment Plan 2013-14 • Target Audience: Complicity Outcomes • Pre & Post Assessment (Quantitative) - Communication Knowledge-base & Learning - Behavior & Knowledge (1, 3, 6 months post-training) • Qualitative: - Peace Stories/Testimonials - Focus Groups

24. The Bystander Safety Matrix Adapted and used with permission from Verbal Defense and Influence

25. References & Resources www.marquette.edu/dsa/bit

26. Questions/Contact Us Sara Johnson Coordinator for Alcohol Programs sara.e.johnson@mu.edu 414.288.5778 Sgt. Jill Weisensel Department of Public Safety jill.weisensel@mu.edu 414.288.6800