1 / 30

ORIGIN OF LIFE

ORIGIN OF LIFE. jrmg 2009. The formation of the UNIVERSE is explained through what theory?. BIG BANG. -was born of the observation that other galaxies -10 billion to 20 BYA

vevay
Download Presentation

ORIGIN OF LIFE

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ORIGIN OF LIFE jrmg 2009

  2. The formation of the UNIVERSE is explained through what theory? BIG BANG -was born of the observation that other galaxies -10 billion to 20 BYA -a massive blast allowed all the universe's known matter and energy—even space and time themselves—to spring from some ancient and unknown type of energy.

  3. BIG BANG THEORY!!! • trillion-trillionth of a second (after the BB) • universe expanded:pebble-size origin to astronomical scope • expansion continued • Georges Lemaître 1920s • single primordial atom • Edwin Hubble • galaxies are speeding away from us in all directions • Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson • cosmic microwave radiation

  4. UNANSWERED QUESTION • original cause of the big bang itself

  5. EVENT 1: Formation of the UNIVERSE

  6. THE FORMATION of the SOLAR SYSTEM is triggered by what event? EXPLOSION of a SUPERNOVA

  7. FORMATION of the SOLAR SYSTEM • cloud of gas and dust in space was disturbed • explosion made waves in space which squeezed the cloud of gas and dust • Squeezing made the cloud start to collapse, as gravity pulled the gas and dust together, forming a solar nebula • cloud grew hotter and denser in the center, with a disk of gas and dust surrounding it that was hot in the center but cool at the edges • as the disk got thinner and thinner, particles began to stick together and form clumps.

  8. FORMATION of the EARTH • 4.6 to 4.5 bya • disk-shaped cloud of subsidiary smaller lumps, pieces, dust, gases, • Coalesced and condensed • Earth began as a cold world HOT • First atmosphere: hydrogen gas • first “real” ATMOSPHERE • volcanic activity and chemical reactions • H2O, CO2, CO, N2, NH3 H2, Nitrogen

  9. Air composition Early atm EVENT 2: Formation of the EARTH

  10. CO2 — Carbon dioxide • CO — Carbon monoxide • H2O — Water • N2 — Nitrogen • CH4 — Methane • NH3 — Ammonia EVENT 4: Formation of small units

  11. Name the two SCIENTISTs that independently HYPOTHESIZED the abiotic formation organic compounds essential to LIFE. Alexander OPARIN and JBS HAldane

  12. MIXTURE of ELEMENTS in a PREBIOTIC SOUP • ABIOTIC SYNTHESIS of small organic molecules • amino acids and nucleotides • 1920s: Alexander Ivanovich Oparin and JBS John Burdon Sanderson HALDANE • “independently postulated that conditions on the PRIMITIVE earth favored chemical reactions that synthesized organic compounds from inorganic compounds”

  13. REASONS why SPONTANEOUS GENERATION CAN’T HAPPEN TODAY • Because ATMOSPHERE is OXYGEN rich • OXIDIZING ATM TODAY not conducive • O2 attacks CHEMICAL bonds extracting ELECTRONS • UV radiation helped in forming organic molecules

  14. Name the SCIENTISTS that had performed the EXPERIMENT to test OPARAN’s and Haldane’s HYPOTHESIS. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey EARLY ATM: H2O, H2, CH4, NH3, CO, CO2, N2, H2O vapor The experiment had produced: -20 Amino acids found in organisms, sugars, lipids, purines, pyrimidines, even ATP

  15. Oparin-Haldane Miller-Urey Experiments EVENT 5:Formation of Macromolecules

  16. Lab SIMULATIONS of the EARLY EARTH conditions produced organic polymers. Natural processes in organisms: ENZYMES catalyze the reactions EARLY EARTH - Possible w/o the help of enzymes

  17. SIDNEY FOX (Univ. Of MIAMI) • PROTEINOIDS • Polypeptides from abiotic means

  18. J. Bernal and A. G. Cairns-Smith • CLAY • concentrates A.A. And other ORGANIC COMPOUNDS • W/ binding sites • W/ MEATL ATOMS Fe and Zn • C.S.: clays might have been the first templates for self-replicating systems • Pyrite • Charged surface

  19. What do you call the AGGREGATES of ABIOTICALLY produced molecules that CAN’T REPRODUCE precisely? PROTOBIONTS Can MAINTAIN an INTERNAL environment Can METABOLIZE and can be EXCITED

  20. AGRREGATION OF MOLECULES in DROPLETS • TYPES: • COACERVATES (example of LIPOSOME) • By OPARIN • Stable • Tend to self-ASSEMBLE when a SUSPENSION of MACROMOLECULES is shaked/mixed • mostly HYDROPHOBIC

  21. AGRREGATION OF MOLECULES in DROPLETS • TYPES: • MICROSPHERES • Cool water + ORGANIC COMPOUNDs • Protein membrane that is SELECTIVELY permeable • Can go OSMOTIC SWELLING or SHRINKING • Store MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

  22. Proteins Polysaccharides Nucleotides Lipids and Fats CELL-like structures composed of these Macromolecules EVENT 6:Macromolecules to Pre-CELLS

  23. EVENT 7: Formation of Pre-CELLS

  24. WHAT is PROBABLY the FIRST GENETIC MATERIAL??? RNA -short polymers of RIBONUCLEOTIDES have been produced ABIOTICALLY in the laboratory -1980: THOMAS CECH -revolution thinking about the evolution of life when they discovered that RNA molecules are IMPORTANT CATALYSTS in modern cells -RIBOSOMES use RNA CATALYTS: rRNA, tRNA and mRNA -capable of self replication

  25. EVENT 8: Pre-CELLS to Living CELLS

  26. 5 Descriptions of FIRST LIFE • Unicellular • Asexually reproducing • Aquatic environment • RNA containing • heterotrophic

  27. PLEASE DO NOT FORGET THE UPDATES ON YOUR PROJECT 

  28. AND START STUDYING FOR THE EXAM ON MONDAY!!!! COVERAGE: Evidences on EVOLUTION- ORIGIN OF LIFE PLEASE BRING 1 WHOLE SHEET OF PAD PAPER 

More Related