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Harvesting,

Harvesting,. Harvesting. Storing. and Feeding. High Moisture Forage. David C. Ditsch Dept. Plant and Soil Sciences UK Robinson Station. Silage & Haylage. SILAGE - Forage that has undergone anaerobic fermentation. More nutrients are preserved Less dependent on weather.

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Harvesting,

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  1. Harvesting, Harvesting Storing and Feeding High Moisture Forage David C. Ditsch Dept. Plant and Soil Sciences UK Robinson Station

  2. Silage & Haylage SILAGE - Forage that has undergone anaerobic fermentation More nutrients are preserved Less dependent on weather

  3. Silage Fermentation Silage pH pH 6.0 pH 4.2 pH 3.8 Acetic acid bacteria Lactic acid bacteria 1 2 3 4 7 14 20 28 Days after ensiling

  4. Silage pH pH Alfalfa Sorghum-sudan

  5. Crops for Silage Legumes Alfalfa Red clover Soybean Cool Season Grasses Fescue Orchardgrass Warm-Season Grasses Switchgrass Eastern Gamagrass Bermudagrass Summer Annual Grasses Sorghum-sudangrass Millets Teff? Small Grains Rye Wheat Triticale

  6. Alfalfa Quality & Weather Forage Type CP Digestibility NDF Well-cured hay 20 64 46 Rain damaged hay 20 57 54 Fresh-Cut Crop 23 70 43

  7. Field curing 25% loss Harvesting 15% loss Storage 35% loss Feeding 30% loss Losses during Hay Harvest and Storage Loss Accumulates with Each Step If maximum losses occur, only 30% of the crop is consumed by the animal. 5 tons/ac dry matter produced 3.75 tons/ac dry matter remains 3.2 tons/ac dry matter remains 1.6 tons/ac dry matter consumed 2.3 tons/ac dry matter remains Forages Group University of Kentucky

  8. Silage Harvest & Storage Field wilting 6% loss SAVINGS ARE POSSIBLE FOR EACH STEP Harvesting 6% loss If maximum losses occur, 77% of the dry matter produced is available for livestock consumption. Storage 5% loss Feeding 8% loss Forages Group University of Kentucky

  9. Frequently Asked Questions When do I cut?

  10. Mower Rake Baler Tractor Bale Spear Wrapper Frequently Asked Questions What will I need?

  11. Frequently Asked Questions When should I bale? Ideal moisture range is 45-65 %

  12. Alfalfa Round Bale Silage Crude Protein Crude Protein (%) Moisture Concentration at Baling (%)

  13. Digestibility IVDMD (%) Hay --------Silage -------- Moisture Concentration at Baling (%)

  14. Storage Losses Hay Storage Loss (%) --------Silage -------- Baling Moisture (%)

  15. Frequently Asked Questions How should I make the bales? Tight dense bales are less likely to spoil Plastic twine is recommended. Avoid the use of sisal twine.

  16. Frequently Asked Questions How soon should I wrap the bales?

  17. Wrap ASAP After Baling Within 4-6 hrs after baling Day 1 Day 2 pH Delayed wrapping prevented adequate fermentation as reflected in the higher pH value Wrapping Treatment

  18. Frequently Asked Questions Wrap at the storage site. Choose a well drained site away from trees. Spray perimeter to kill weeds that may habor rodents and insects. Where should I wrap bales?

  19. Frequently Asked Questions What kind of plastic should be used?

  20. Frequently Asked Questions Alfalfa silage & hay 2, 4, or 6 layers of film How much plastic needs to be applied? Hay 6 layers 2 layers 4 layers Storage Treatment Consumption 2 layers 53% 4 layers 84% 6 layers 88% Hay 44%

  21. Frequently Asked Questions What should I do with the used plastic?

  22. The Most Frequently Asked Question? Which round bale wrapper style is best?

  23. Round Bale Wrappers

  24. Platform Wrappers Good preservation Trailer or 3-point hitch Round or square bales Tractor hydraulics or gas engine $2.50 to $3.00 per bale for 4 layers Loader arm or load with front-end loader

  25. Platform Wrappers Concerns: Plastic Cost Labor per bale

  26. In-Line Wrappers Good preservation Bales end-to-end Less labor for wrapping Higher equipment cost Lower plastic cost (1/2 or less)

  27. In-Line Wrappers Concerns: Uniformity of adjacent bales Density and Diameter Seal ends of rows

  28. Other Wrappers End-to-End Individual Wrap Swinging Arm Wrapper

  29. Other Wrappers Concerns: Labor Plastic on bottoms of bales Concerns: Weight Need big tractor

  30. Other Systems

  31. Guidelines for Success • 45 - 65% Moisture • High density bales • Quick wrapping • 4-6 layers of film • Patch holes (esp early)

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