1 / 12

Nutritional Assessment

Nutritional Assessment. Chapter 11. Defining Nutritional Status. Optimal nutritional status Undernutrition Overnutrition Nutritional requirements at different ages Infants and children Adolescence Pregnancy and lactation Adulthood The aging adult.

vfrank
Download Presentation

Nutritional Assessment

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nutritional Assessment Chapter 11

  2. Defining Nutritional Status • Optimal nutritional status • Undernutrition • Overnutrition • Nutritional requirements at different ages • Infants and children • Adolescence • Pregnancy and lactation • Adulthood • The aging adult

  3. Purposes and Components of Nutritional Assessment • Purposes of nutritional assessment • Nutrition screening • Admission nutrition screening tool • 24-Hour diet recall • Food frequency questionnaire • Food diaries • Direct observation • Food guide pyramid

  4. Subjective Data—Health History Questions • Eating patterns • Usual weight • Changes in appetite, taste, smell, chewing, swallowing • Recent surgery, trauma, burns, infection • Chronic illnesses • Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation • Food allergies or intolerances • Medications and/or nutritional supplements • Self-care behaviors • Alcohol or illegal drug use • Exercise and activity patterns • Family history

  5. Objective Data—Physical Exam • Equipment needed • Skinfold calipers—Lange or Harpenden • Measurement tape • Anthropometer • Pen or pencil • Nutrition assessment data form

  6. Objective Data—Physical Exam (cont.) • Anthropometric measures • Derived weight measures • Body weight as percent of ideal body weight • Percent usual body weight • Recent weight change

  7. Objective Data—Physical Exam (cont.) Weight (kg) or Weight (lbs) Waist circumference • Body mass index = Height (m)2 Height (in)2 x 705 • Waist-to-hip ratio = Hip circumference

  8. Objective Data—Physical Exam (cont.) • Skinfold thickness • Technique of measurement • Repeat three measurements and then take average • Mid-upper arm circumference (MAC)

  9. Objective Data—Physical Exam (cont.) • Derived anthropometric measures • Mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC) MAMC = MAC – (p × TSF) • Mid-arm muscle area (MAMA) MAMA = (MAC – MAMA)2 4p • Arm span or total arm length • Frame size by elbow breadth

  10. Hemoglobin Hematocrit Cholesterol Triglycerides Total lymphocyte count Skin testing Serum proteins Serum albumin Serum transferrin Prealbumin Nitrogen balance Creatinine-height index Laboratory Studies in Nutritional Assessment

  11. Abnormal FindingsClassification of Malnutrition • Obesity • Marasmus (protein-calorie malnutrition) • Kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition) • Marasmus/kwashiorkor mix

  12. Abnormal FindingsAbnormalities Caused by Nutritional Deficiencies • Pellagra • Scorbutic gums • Follicular hyperkeratosis • Bitot’s spots • Kwashiorkor • Rickets • Magenta tongue • HIV-associated malnutrition

More Related