The Philosophy of Civil Defence

1. The Philosophy of Civil Defence

2. Civil Defence in IndiaBuilding People’s Disaster Resilience

3. Civil Defence Civil Defence all over the world and in India has been a government program that provides guidance and assistance in preparing for, responding to and recovering from public emergencies that result from conflict or natural disasters.

4. CD Measures • Civil Defence measures are designed to deal with immediate emergency conditions, protect the public and restore vital services and facilities that have been destroyed or damaged by disaster.

5. Why Civil Defence ? It is true that - “ the Response of a person closest to the place of Emergency will be the fastest and most effective, provided he is well trained.”

6. Civil Defence in India The Civil Defence program in India relies on the individual and the locality, doing that which is necessary to increase the chances of survival, to minimize damage and to recover quickly.

7. Civil Defence in India During times of War and Emergencies the Civil Defence Organization has the vital role of guarding the hinterland, supporting the Armed Forces, mobilizing the citizens and helping civil administration for: • Saving life and property • Minimizing damage • Maintaining continuity in production centers • Raising public morale.

8. Major Tasks of Civil Defence • To make sure that the public is warned of danger and provided with instructions on how to avoid hazards. • Advice people to protect themselves by either evacuating the area or remain and take shelter. • Organizing immediate relief to the survivors. • Support emergency services • Rescue Operations • Firefighting • Law Enforcement • Medical Care • Public Works repair • Provision of voluntary Food, Shelter and Clothing. • Assist in Recovery Operations • Clearance of debris • Restoring utility services • Managing relocations centers

9. What was the need ? • The number of incidents happening during World War II were enormous & beyond the capacity of local Emergency services. • There was a need for unifying the overall efforts of the country to survive a catastrophe & raise public morale.

10. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of InternationalArmed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977.Chapter VI. Civil DefenceArt 61. - Definitions and scope (1) "Civil defence" means the performance of some or all of the under-mentioned humanitarian tasks intended to protect the civilian population against the dangers, and to help it to recover from the immediate effects, of hostilities or disasters and also to provide the conditions necessary for its survival. These tasks are:(a) warning;(b) evacuation;(c) management of shelters;(d) management of blackout measures;(e) rescue;(f) medical services, including first aid, and religious assistance;(g) fire-fighting;(h) detection and marking of danger areas;(i) decontamination and similar protective measures;(j) provision of emergency accommodation and supplies;(k) emergency assistance in the restoration and maintenance of order in distressed areas;(l) emergency repair of indispensable public utilities;(m) emergency disposal of the dead;(n) assistance in the preservation of objects essential for survival;(o) complementary activities necessary to carry out any of the tasks mentioned above, including, but not limited to, planning and organization;

11. Art 62. General Protection • Civilian civil defence organizations and their personnel shall be respected and protected, subject to the provisions of this Protocol, particularly the provisions of this section. They shall be entitled to perform their civil defence tasks except in case of imperative military necessity.

12. Article 15 : International Distinctive sign • The international distinctive sign of civil defence provided for in Article 66, paragraph 4, of the Protocol is an equilateral blue triangle on an orange ground. A model is shown in Figure 4: • It is recommended that: a) if the blue triangle is on a flag or armlet or tabard, the ground to the triangle be the orange flag, armlet or tabard; b) one of the angles of the triangle be pointed vertically upwards; c) no angle of the triangle touch the edge of the orange ground.

13. Indian Civil Defence logo

14. Civil Defence Motto“Sarva Bhute Hiteh Ratah” “Steadfast persons who dedicate themselves for the welfare of all living beings, attain me”

15. The Present Threat

16. India’s Security Concerns • India faces varied and complex security challenges ranging from low intensity conflicts characterized by tribal, ethnic and left wing movements and ideologies

17. The Changing Face of Threat • Terrorism is becoming a cheap mode for nations to commit acts of aggression with less fear of retaliation. • The global environment has reduced the probability of conflict considerably.

18. India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world. • Over 65% land area vulnerable to earthquakes; • 70% of land under cultivation prone to drought; • 40 million hectares to floods; • 8,000 km coastline to cyclones. • A Major Disaster occurs every 2-3 years; • 5 crore people affected annually • 10 lakh houses damaged annually along with human,social and other losses • During 1985-2003, the annual average damage due to natural disasters has been estimated at 7 crore US $

19. Hazardous Chemical Incident • Methylisocyanate (MIC) incident at Bhopal, India • 3,300 people killed immediately; 16,000 after ten years • 40 tons of MIC released that covered 20 Km2 • Over 500,000 people suffered effects of gas • Ground water hazard for ten years

20. Climate Change • Even if we go by the estimates of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by 2100, 5764 sq. km of India’s coastal area will be submerged under the sea, triggering massive migration of the people towards hinterland • 63 million people in India and 62 million in Bangladesh live within 10 meters of the sea levels that includes the population of cities of Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai.

21. Multi-Hazard Approach • The utilization of Civil Defence has shifted from management of damage against Conventional Weapons to threats of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear & Explosive hazards . • Active partnerships with security forces for reducing damage due to terrorism. • Contribute to the overall effort of the state governments in managing disasters.

22. “Civil Defence” includes any measures, not amounting to actual combat, for affording protection to any person, property, place or thing in India or any part of the territory thereof against any hostile attack, whether from air, land, sea or any other places, or, for depriving any such attack of the whole or part of its effect, whether such measures are taken before, during, at or after the time of such attack or any measure taken for the purpose of disaster management, before, during, at, or after any disaster. CIVIL DEFENCE

23. Civil Defence in India Cat.IA Cat.I Cat II Cat.IV

24. Can Civil Defence do Anything? • Relatively, small investments in Preparedness against emergencies enable communities to speed up Recovery by months or years and thereby prevent millions of deaths due to hunger, weather and epidemics that may occur consequent to many major disasters. • According to the human capital theory in economics, the country’s population is valued more than other factors like land, industry and wealth due to its capacity to rebuild a country after its destruction by nature’s forces. Therefore, to ensure economic stability and security of the country it is essential that a strong Civil Defence Corps is available for protection of its people.

25. Civil Defence builds Resilience • Civil Defence has stressed on building confidence, reducing fear and uncertainty, ensure higher survival rate, assist in raising people’s quality of life that has made economic benefits feasible. The Civil Defence concept’s core objective has been to instill in people, the strength to understand that they are in control of their own destiny and well prepared for the uncertainties of the future.

26. Do we need it today ? Obviously YES, because – • The Emergency Services are still not adequate. • The vulnerability of Indian people is very high • The Response time-lag for services to arrive at the scene of incident is growing longer. • The higher degree of stress for the Emergency Services personnel needs large resource of back-up volunteers.

27. CIVIL DEFENCEhas the capacity to organize • Local Rescue operations • Immediate Medical support & Transportation • Emergency Operation Centre Staff • Relief & Welfare services • Security & Traffic management • Fire Fighting auxiliaries • Disposal of Dead After any Natural Disaster

28. CIVIL DEFENCEis also trained to organize • Radiological & Reconnaissance Teams • Decontamination Services • Casualty Management in Assembly Areas • Relief & Welfare services • Fire Fighting auxiliaries After any NBC Disaster

29. Civil Defence in over the Years

30. Father of Civil Defence Wing Commander Eric John Hodsoll

31. ARP in India

32. First Civil Defence officer of India Sri. Edpuganti Raghavendra Rao CD Member of Viceroy’s Executive Council

33. Community Awareness

34. Community Preparedness through Capacity Building

35. Assist in Rescue Operations

36. Other Major Tasks • Assist in Vigilance & Watch • Assist in Recovery Operations • Assist in Corpse Disposal

37. Odisha CD during Super cyclone

38. ORISSA Volunteers deployed Jobs done 200 Road clearance from 30th October’99 (1/3rd of work) Collection of clothing 2 truck loads in 3 days. Packaging of food at aerodrome ( 3 days) Corpse disposal from 6th Nov. - Dead bodies 769 - Carcasses 6000 MADHYA PRADESH Volunteers & Staff Jobs done (from 12 Nov 99) 1500 Clearing of villages Corpse & Carcass Disposal nearly 1000. Odisha Super Cyclone

39. Sr.No. Name of the Village & Block Date of commencement of kitchen No. of benefited upto 29.11.99 No. of beneficiaries on 30.11.99 Total 1. Jiraloo (Ersama) 17.11.99 40500 3500 44000 2. Machhagaon (Balikuda) 18.11.99 16100 600 16700 3. Palikanta (Ersama) 19.11.99 21300 3000 24300 4. Boulpada (Ersama) 25.11.99 3500 700 4200 5. Uchanuagraon (Erssma) 25.11.99 5000 1000 6000 Odisha Super Cyclone - Maharashtra

40. Team No. of villages covered No. of Dead Bodies Half Burned Total Carcasses Villages cleaned (in mts) Team A (Mobile Column) 24 274 69 343 734 1229 Team B 44 130 77 207 2374 1600 Odisha Super Cyclone - Maharashtra

41. CD in Leh Floods

42. CD at work in Nagapattinam

43. A SAFER INDIA OUR VISION

44. ANY QUESTIONS?

45. THE END