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JAPANESE INTERNMENT

JAPANESE INTERNMENT. Treatment of Japanese. After Pearl Harbor, there were rumors that Japanese were committing sabotage by mining harbors and poisoning vegetables Fear led to a wave of prejudice

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JAPANESE INTERNMENT

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  1. JAPANESE INTERNMENT

  2. Treatment of Japanese • After Pearl Harbor, there were rumors that Japanese were committing sabotage by mining harbors and poisoning vegetables • Fear led to a wave of prejudice • Early 1942, War Department called for the evacuation of all Japanese Americans in Hawaii (37% of the population!) • 1,444 eventually interned from Hawaii

  3. From a US Army field manual, “How to Tell A Chinese from a Jap”

  4. Japanese Internment • 120,000 Japanese Amer rounded up by Army in CA, WA, OR, AZ • Shipped to 10 relocation centers • No delay for harvest; Japanese-Amer grew 95% of CA strawberries • 1/3 were Issei: immigrants from Japan • 2/3 were Nisei: children of immigrants who were born in the US • Japanese-American property, boats, and bank accounts were confiscated • Korematsu v. United States (1944): the Supreme Court ruled that the internment was justified based on “military necessity”

  5. Relocation Centers Assembly Centers http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/anthropology74/ce1.htm

  6. Relocation Centers

  7. Child and family being relocated by Army

  8. Tule Lake entry processing

  9. Tule Lake Fence

  10. Tule Lake Housing

  11. Manzanar from the Guard Tower

  12. Tule Lake school

  13. Tule Lake labor: $12/mo unskilled, $16 skilled, $19 professional

  14. Results of Internment • No charges ever filed against Japanese Americans and no evidence of spying or sabotage ever found (10 Caucasians convicted of spying for Japan!) • Japanese American Citizens League worked for justice; in 1965, Congress authorized payments totaling $38 million (one-tenth of Japanese Americans’ actual losses of property and income) • In 1988, Congress passed the Civil Liberties Act to pay $20,000 to every citizen sent to an internment camp; checks were sent in 1990 along with a formal apology by the US government

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