AGEING IN PORTUGAL MEP 2010/2011 - LILLE

1. AGEING IN PORTUGAL MEP 2010/2011 - LILLE

2. AGEING “The aging is a double concept encompassing senescence as expression of developments in biological time, and the advancement of age as the unfolding of chronological time.” Henrard (1997). Ageing Perspectives Biological Perspective - increaseofvulnerability Social Perspective - the role that old people are supposed to perform in the society Psychological Perspective - the way that people adjust themselves to all the effects of ageing

3. Portugal In Portugal the distribution of the elderly population is not homogenous. The most affected are the ones who live in rural areas, which are the areas that have not only a larger amount of elderly people, but also, a larger amount of elderly people living on their own. The gradual and significant increase of life expectancy and the continuing low birth rate and fertility rate currently registered in Portugal, over the last decades.

4. Portugal Demographyin Portugal Aging does notoccuredonlyinthemajoritycountriesofeuropesuch as the case of Portugal, butalsoisvisibleon a global scale.INE ( portugal ) .. A studyrecentlycarriedinportugal, in 2008, financedby CEDRU revealed that besides the conditions prevailing in different countries nowadays, whether they be financial and economic conditions, sociocultural or even individual, it is expected that by the year 2050 the world's population with over 60 years will reach a percentage of 20% of world population recorded that year

5. INE ( PortugueseInstituteofStatistics) Pyramid of Ages, Portugal 1960-2000 Source: INE

6. Legal and Ethical Perspectives Not always has been given greater importance to the rights and obligations conferred to the elder population. The legal framework defines itself, so that any elderly person has a right to their own independence, participation, assistance, self-realization and the most important as also the most forgotten dignity. Independence Have access to food, water, housing, clothing, health, family and community support. Have the opportunity to work or have access to other forms of income generation. Participation Being integrated into a society. Participate actively in the formulation and implementation of policies that directly affect their well-being and pass on to younger knowledge and skills.

7. Assistance Have the assistance and protection of family and community, in accordance with their cultural values. Have access to health care to maintain or acquire the physical, mental and emotional, preventing the incidence of diseases. Self-Realization Take advantage of the opportunities for the full development of their potential. Have access to educational resources, cultural, spiritual and leisure society.

8. Dignity Be able to live in dignity and safety, without being subject to exploitation and ill-treatment physical and/or mental. Be treated fairly, regardless of age, sex, race, ethnicity, physical anomalies, economic conditions or other factors. Political rights as the right to exercise citizenship, the right to equality between the sexes, which surprise does not provide for equality between people of different ages and the right to participate in society as citizens with full rights.

9. Economicaland Financial Perspectives In the context of economic and financial issues relating to senior age, are patent some of the most important aspects, whether they are: Low financial profits; High health costs, often related to the costs of treatments and pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapies; Increased food shortages; Weakness and precarious housing conditions; Lack of Social assistance; General difficulty in access to transport; All of these aspects rely on increased poverty associated to the economic policy and financial conditions experienced by the vast majority of the elderly.

10. Social andColtural Perspectives With regard to the cultural issues thematic inherent to aging, it is able to describe over the years a drastic change between the values, customs and predominant experiences of other past seasons comparatively with those of today. In Portugal, in the 60s., of the 20th Century, the vast majority of the Portuguese population was forced to emigrate to other countries of Europe, including France, Switzerland and Luxembourg. This event was due mainly to economic situation experienced in the country, the dictatorial political system implemented and also to poverty that was coming in a few years into Portugal. after the change of the dictatorial regime in Portugal, April 25, 1974, and with a relative increase of economic and financial capacity due to the entry of Portugal in the European Economic Community (EEC), during the 80s, the country had the greatest opportunity to expand in the global marketplace and thereby provide greater offers of employment to all Portuguese population, in large urban areas, such as Lisbon, Capital of the country, and the Porto.

11. Rural Exodus ... Sudden change of large part of the Portuguese population more interior regions of the country, such as the districts of Aveiro, Viseu, Guarda, CasteloBranco, among others, to the coastal regions where the sector of industrialization was strongly advocated Nowadays... the people who lived near each other daily, had an important role in the life of each one, unlike the current situation which demarcates the individuality, social isolation and loneliness. the concept of social and cultural Family was clearly transfigured over the decades. Today, we made a separate description of the concept of Family as a group of two or more people who share the same physical space while housing and which share among themselves certain obligations

12. Individual Perspectives Since ancient times, that the elderly had always been recognized as the "source" of wisdom and knowledge, regardless of the place or region anywhere in the world. Target of respect and submission, the elderly were sovereign in their decisions, attitudes and sayings.However, over the centuries, respectable and sovereign status assigned to the elderly was now being disparaging, insulting, piety and inequality. Currently the elderly are marginalized by the majority of the population simply because they do not display any type of income citizen, as part of a Stereotype Community.This marginalization in seriously established in this society mainly because of the seniors’ special needs, which requires precise answers and specific to each type of problem.

13. 3. QUALITY OF LIFE AND WELL-BEING OF OLDER PEOPLE Portugal is undergoing a demographic transition as a consequence of: Decliningbirth rates Increaseinlifeexpectancy Elderlypopulation

14. Nowadays society wrongly believes that the elderly are people with lack of affection, sick, dependent, sexless, useless, and lonely. • Associated to this, there are some issues that touch our old people:retirement, death of partner, decreased physical capacity, loss of autonomy, institutionalization. the final result are very similar for all of them, depression, isolation and loneliness.

15. “Islivinglonger, livingbetter?”

16. ACTIVE AGEING: "the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to increase the quality of life during aging” (WHO, 2002),

18. 3.1.NURSE’S ROLE IN PROMOTION AND PREVENTION

19. The are areas of intervention to the optimization model of aging: • Health promotion and prevention of • disability; • Optimizing cognitive functions; • Enhancing the emotional development and • personality; • Maximize social participation

20. 3.1.1 - Health promotion and disease prevention in the Physical dimension

23. Regarding breathing is recommended that in case of "the lack of air" which occurs during activities of daily living, the elder stop and rest. • In regard to vertigo, the recommendations are that the individual must sit or lie comfortably and to consult a doctor as it is prone to high risk of falls.

26. 3.1.2 - Health promotion and disease prevention in the Mental dimension The dementia, grief and depression are the most common problems of this dimension. Portugal has developed a national plan to combat the Depression

27. The recommendations outlined in this document for mental health promotion are based on the proposals and recommendations of CNSM (2002), the PNPI (2006), for example:

28. The guidelines for the prevention of dementia are:

29. 3.1.3 - Health promotion and disease prevention in the Social dimension In Portugal there is a program called "Aging with Quality", based on WHO Guidelines IVII phase of Healthy Cities Project, which aims to promote activities such as: • Drawing; • Dancing; • Visits to museums; • Cinemas; • Art galleries; • Public gardens.

30. Solidarityand social supports

31. elderly receive retirement pensions corresponding to the jobs they had in the pass • more than one million of elderly receives less than three hundred euro’s per month 30% risk - to elderly who live with their families or mates 46% risk - to those who live alone higher risk of poverty

32. To fight this numbers, the Portuguese government has created in March of 2010 a complement to the most needed, in order to guarantee that at least three hundred thousand of these elderly receive three hundred euro’s per month. Yet it is not enough.

33. 0 – 10% 10-15% 15-20% 20-25% ≥26%

34. “Social Letter” Multipurpose instrument that provides the citizens with social information about the networks on social supports, on every specific area of the country, from small villages to big cities. Empowering the citizens on their own decisions, in multiple levels of institutional cooperation.

35. Two different major support networks • Formal It includes all of the programs and public institutions that the state provides • nursing homes • health day care centers • night care centers • domiciliary support service • socializing centers • residences • Informal It consists in elderly people being taken cared by family, friends or even neighbors rotation system This system allows people to live in a familiar environment, close to their dear ones, and in the case of being more than one child, it takes some of the weight off the caregivers.

36. Voluntary institutions - food and clothing - company and visits • Phone lines

37. We are now studding and living in a city where thousands of elderly live alone in tall and very old buildings, with huge staircases that prevent them to go out, creating situations of high isolation, of food shortages, lack of health care and others that lead the elders to bad life quality.

38. Solidarity Project Membership The idea sustains in students volunteering to go to old people’s houses and provide them with some company, health care’s, rehabilitation programs, helping them to go out and shop for supplies, go to doctor’s appoints, go to the drugs store, amount other things. This project should have very few financial costs, for the student volunteers it will bring an enormous number of advantages; such has development of some skills, at the communication level, relationships level and direct nursing interventions.

39. We intend to put this project in action, and we certainly wish that many of our colleges volunteer to participate and receive a previous formation before going to the field. We hope to make a difference and aware communities to this problem.