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Manufacturing industries

Manufacturing industries. An introduction. Focus of Industrial Geography. Location Location change/dynamics Implications for local development.

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Manufacturing industries

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  1. Manufacturing industries An introduction

  2. Focus of Industrial Geography • Location • Location change/dynamics • Implications for local development

  3. “The central task of contemporary industrial geography is to describe and explain changes in the spatial pattern of industrial activity…The emphasis in industrial geography is on explaining where and why changes in location of industrial activity have taken place and on trying to understand why some areas experience industrial growth while some areas experience industrial decline.” Watts (1987:1)

  4. Concepts of manufacturing industries • For census purposes • Most common: standard industrial classifications (SICs) • Agriculture • Manufacturing • Construction • Transportation • Trade • Finance, insurance and real estate • Service • public administration

  5. Sectors of economic activities

  6. Economic sectors

  7. Manufacturing Processes

  8. System approach to industrial geography INPUTS MANUFACTURING OUTPUTS • Land • Capital • Labour • Enterprise • power Markets By-products • Raw materials and/or component parts waste

  9. Types of manufacturing industries • Based on location of factory (XXX-oriented) • Based on major input (XXX-intensive) • Based on nature of manufactured product (heavy/light) • Based on level of technology (handicraft/hi-tech) • Based on nature of manufacturing processes (processing/fabricating)

  10. Large scale Heavy Market-oriented Processing Capital-intensive national Small scale Light Raw material-oriented Assembly Labour-intensive transnational Manufacturing industries (classification) Guinness & Nagle, Advanced Geography – concepts and cases, P.143-144.

  11. Factory-firm production system Production chains (the integration of production and non-production activities) 1990s Production systems (the integration of location within inter-firm networks) 1980s Firms(the integration of location in corporate strategy) 1970s 1960s Factories (integration of location with scale and technology)

  12. Local scale • Intra-urban location • Located in the inner city/suburban location • Example: Hong Kong

  13. Regional scale • Regional location • Example: Silicon Valley, Pearl River Delta (PRD), China

  14. Global scale • International scale • Multinational/transnational companies • Geared to global markets and global pattern of production • Examples: Toyota, Epson, IBM

  15. Suggested reading • Teresa Law, A-level Geography Notes, Volume Two, P.214-219 • Waugh, David (1990), Geography: An integrated approach, Thomas Nelson • Raw, Michael (2000), Manufacturing Industries: the impact of change, Second Edition, London: Collins Educational • http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum/tdc/tdc020902.htm • http://www.sfu.ca/geography/people/faculty/Faculty_sites/RogerHayter/books/dynamics/dynamics_book.htm

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