80 likes | 179 Views
During the period between 1825 and 1850, the U.S. expanded their production, markets, and foreign trade. New inventions and the rapid growth of manufacturing fed this expansion. U.S. Expansion – Markets/Economy. Causes –
E N D
During the period between 1825 and 1850, the U.S. expanded their production, markets, and foreign trade. New inventions and the rapid growth of manufacturing fed this expansion. U.S. Expansion – Markets/Economy • Causes – • Specialization: People began specializing in what they made or grew (cash crops). They would sell their surplus and buy what they needed. Demand grew. • New Inventions: Goodyear developed vulcanized rubber, Elias Howe invented the sewing machine, S.F.B. Morse invented the telegraph, Fulton improved the steamboat, Deere invented the steel plow, … • Effects – • New methods of transportation & communication were developed that could move goods & information in half the time (telegraph, steamboats, trains). Regions of the country were linked both geographically & economically. • Costs of goods went down dramatically, one person could do what it took 5 previously. More people could afford goods.
Our manifest destiny [is] to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. --John L. O'Sullivan, 1845
What does the term “Providence” mean? • “God, especially when conceived as omnisciently directing the universe and the affairs of humankind with wise benevolence.” • omnisciently – “having complete or unlimited knowledge, awareness, or understanding; perceiving all things”
TheRailroadRevolution,1850s • Immigrant laborbuilt the No. RRs. • Slave laborbuilt the So. RRs.
U.S. Expansion – “Manifest Destiny” By 1848, the U.S. had added the Louisiana and Oregon Territories. They had land ceded to them by Spain and Mexico. Plus, they had annexed Texas. A term, first used in a magazine took hold…Manifest Destiny, the rightful expansion of the nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Causes • Who went? • Many went for new opportunities, Panic of 1837 led many to attempt a new start. • Some went for farming or mining. • Merchants & traders soon followed. • Mormons settled near the Great Salt Lake. • Why did they go? • Vast tracks of “unclaimed” land existed. Ownership of land is important. • Discoveries of gold & silver fed the push westward. • With addition of the Oregon, new ports are added, opening Asian markets (Japan & China). • Mormons led by Brigham Young left Illinois to escape religious persecution.
U.S. Expansion – “Manifest Destiny” Effects • On the west: • Trails went from Mississippi River to the west coast • By 1844, 5000 settlers had arrived in Oregon • Mormons turned Salt Lake City into a prosperous city • On the Native Americans (Indians): • Black Hawk War -- Sauk Tribe led war against the gov’t. Sauk lost & are forced westward. • Treaty of Fort Laramie – gave Indians control over Central Plains, Indians promised not to attack settlers traveling through these areas. • Increasing numbers of settlers destroyed hunting grounds • Eventually, natives will be pushed onto reservations.