Ａ Novel GPS-based Quorum Hybrid Routing Algorithm for Ad Hoc Wireless Network

1. Ａ Novel GPS-based Quorum Hybrid Routing Algorithm for Ad Hoc Wireless Network I-Shyan Hwang and Chih-Kang Chien

2. Outline • Introduction • GPS-QHRA • Out of the Ordinary • Simulation Evaluation • Conclusion

3. Introduction • GPS-QHRA of this paper combines • ZHLS(GPS-based) and UQS (Uniform Quorum System) algorithm • Table-Driven and On-Demand technology • GPS-QHRA of this paper may have • shorter paths • Better performance

4. Introduction • The comparison of three technologies

5. GPS-QHRA • System Assumptions and Defines • Each node has a unique ID • Each node’s location was mapped to the zone map • Each node has a synchronization clock • The power of every node is identical • Collision and bandwidth allocation problem are not considered • If a zone should lack a node, then the GPS-QHRA fault tolerance mechanism is applied

6. Transmission Range Fig1 Transmission radius within a GPS-QHRA zone GPS-QHRA • The zone and transmission range of GPS-QHRA

7. 1 3 i b c 1 2 3 j z v k 4 2 6 e l s f 4 5 6 g a 5 m h u 7 9 w n q d p 8 t 10 11 r Fig4 Entire topology of GPS-QHRA Fig2 Zone map of GPS-QHRA GPS-QHRA • Initiation of GPS-QHRA map Table-Driven On-Demand

8. GPS-QHRA • When source and destination are in the same zone, the Table-Driven algorithm is used. • It uses GPS-DFA algorithm • A broadcast method • Action in the same zone

9. a b e g a d c b e f (b) g NF d a a c b e f b e (a) g NC g d d c c f f (c) (d) GPS-QHRA Step1. Determination of LDN in one zone Fig3 Determination of location database node in GPS-QHRA Table-Driven On-Demand

10. 1 3 i b c 2 j z v k 4 6 e l s f 5 g a m h u w n q d p t r Fig4 Entire topology of GPS-QHRA GPS-QHRA Step2. Entire topology of GPS-QHRA Table-Driven On-Demand

11. GPS-QHRA • If the source and destination are in distinct zones, then the On-Demand routing algorithm is applied. • It uses UQS algorithm • The three routing table • Intra-zone routing table • Inter-zone routing table • Node’s location table

12. e LDN b direct node a Indirect node a b f g c e d Fig5 Intra-zone topology of GPS-QHRA h GPS-QHRA Three node of intra-zone routing algorithm • Intra-zone routing table • Inter-zone routing table • Node’s location table

13. GPS-QHRA One intra-zone routing table of node e Table2.Intra-zone routing table generated in Fig5 • Intra-zone routing table • Inter-zone routing table • Node’s location table

14. GPS-QHRA • Inter-zone routing table • Recorded by gateway • Intra-zone routing table • Inter-zone routing table • Node’s location table

15. GPS-QHRA • Assumed UQSs are ((1, 2, 3)(1, 4, 5)(2, 4, 6)(3, 5, 6)) • For example (1, 2, 3) • After the intra-zone table constructed • LDN 1 multi-casts the zone’s information to 2, 3 • Intra-zone routing table • Inter-zone routing table • Node’s location table Table4 Routing information table generated by Fig5

16. Out of the Ordinary • Location update rule of GPS-QHRA • Regular update • Update on transmission

17. a b e g d c f d Fig6 Re-determination location database node in GPS-QHRA Out of the Ordinary • Rule for Re-determining LDN • When the LDN moves to the danger zone • Regular update • GPS-DFA

18. a a a Free node b b i i j j c c k k h h d d f l f l e e g g (b) Node b becomes the new LDN Fig7 (a) Fault-tolerance in GPS-QHRA Out of the Ordinary • Fault-Tolerance in GPS-QHRA