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Review of Important Networking Concepts

Review of Important Networking Concepts. Introductory material. This module uses the example from the previous module to review important networking concepts: protocol architecture, protocol layers, encapsulation, demultiplexing, network abstractions. Networking Concepts .

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Review of Important Networking Concepts

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  1. Review of Important Networking Concepts Introductory material. This module uses the example from the previous module to review important networking concepts: protocol architecture, protocol layers, encapsulation, demultiplexing, network abstractions.

  2. Networking Concepts • Protocol Architecture • Protocol Layers • Encapsulation • Network Abstractions

  3. Sending a packet from Argon to Neon – A Complex Task

  4. Communications Architecture • The complexity of the communication task is reduced by using multiple protocol layers: • Each protocol is implemented independently • Each protocol is responsible for a specific subtask • Protocols are grouped in a hierarchy • A structured set of protocols is called a communicationsarchitectureorprotocol suite

  5. The TCP/IP protocol suite is the protocol architecture of the Internet The TCP/IP suite has four layers: Application, Transport, Network, and Data Link Layer End systems (hosts) implement all four layers. Gateways (Routers) only have the bottom two layers. The Internet Architecture - TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  6. Functions of the Layers • Data Link Layer: • Service: Reliable transfer of frames over a link Media Access Control on a LAN • Functions: Framing, media access control, error checking • Network Layer: • Service: Move packets from source host to destination host • Functions: Routing, addressing • Transport Layer: • Service: Delivery of data between hosts • Functions: Connection establishment/termination, error control, flow control • Application Layer: • Service: Application specific (delivery of email, retrieval of HTML documents, reliable transfer of file) • Functions: Application specific

  7. TCP/IP Suite and OSI Reference Model The TCP/IP protocol stack does not define the lower layers of a complete protocol stack

  8. Assignment of Protocols to Layers

  9. Layers in Our Example IP Router

  10. Send IP data-gram to 128.143.71.21 Frame is an IP datagram Frame is an IP datagram IP datagram is a TCP segment for port 80 Send HTTP Request to neon Establish a connection to 128.143.71.21 at port 80 Open TCP connection to 128.143.71.21 port 80 Send IP datagram to 128.143.71.21 Send a datagram (which contains a connection request) to 128.143.71.21 Send the datagram to 128.143.137.1 Send the datagram to 128.143.7.21 Send Ethernet frame to 00:20:af:03:98:28 Send Ethernet frame to 00:e0:f9:23:a8:20 Layers in the Example IP Router

  11. Layers and Services • Service provided by TCP to HTTP: • reliable transmission of data over a logical connection • Service provided by IP to TCP: • unreliable transmission of IP datagrams across an IP network • Service provided by Ethernet to IP: • transmission of a frame across an Ethernet segment • Other services: • DNS: translation between domain names and IP addresses • ARP: Translation between IP addresses and MAC addresses

  12. Encapsulation and Demultiplexing • As data is moving down the protocol stack, each protocol is adding layer-specific control information

  13. Encapsulation and Demultiplexing

  14. Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: Ethernet Header

  15. Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: IP Header

  16. Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: IP Header

  17. Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: TCP Header Option: maximum segment size

  18. Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: TCP Header

  19. Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: Application data

  20. Different Views of Networking • Different Layers of the protocol stack have a different view of the network. • This is HTTP’s and TCP’s view of the network. (Application and Transport layers) Argon Neon HTTP Server HTTP Client TCP Server TCP Client IP Network

  21. Network View of IP Protocol

  22. Network View of Ethernet • Ethernet’s view of the network

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