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IUFRO All-Division-5 Conference “Forest Products and Environment – A Productive Symbiosis”

IUFRO All-Division-5 Conference “Forest Products and Environment – A Productive Symbiosis” October 29 – November 2, 2007 Taipei, Taiwan Wood and Fibre properties of Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) and Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) and their impact on the quality of stone groundwood pulp

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IUFRO All-Division-5 Conference “Forest Products and Environment – A Productive Symbiosis”

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  1. IUFRO All-Division-5 Conference “Forest Products and Environment – A Productive Symbiosis” October 29 – November 2, 2007 Taipei, Taiwan Wood and Fibre properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and their impact on the quality of stone groundwood pulp Götz Martin, Gero Becker, Heiner Grussenmeyer, Leif Nutto, Peter Neukum

  2. Introduction (1) • difficult situation for the European pulp and paper industry • increasing costs for energy and raw materials • overcapacities on the paper market • old machinery • very competitive pulp and paper mills in South America and China price development pulp & paper industry electricity pulpwood publication paper Fig. 2: price development pulp & paper industry

  3. Introduction (2) • Picea abies pulpwood shortages on the German wood market • booming sawing industry • bioenergy • sivilcultural management concepts Fig. 3: empty woodyard at Stora Enso Reisholz Mill Is the utilization of alternative tree species like Pinus sylvestris a possible solution for this problem?

  4. State of knowledge – wood and fibre properties • P. sylvestris has in average: • shorter average fibre length than P. abies (Duchesne et al. 1997; Sirviö 2000; Wilhelmsson et al. 2002) but also higher average fibre length is reported (Fengel & Grosser 1976) • larger fibre diameter than P. abies (Ekenstedt et al. 2003) • larger cell wall thickness and coarseness than P. abies (Sirviö 2000; Ekenstedt et al. 2003) • higher basic density than P. abies (Loskant 1983; Dinwoodie 1996; Ekenstedt et al. 2003; Fengel & Wegener 2003) • higher extractives content than P. abies (Brandal 1966; Kamutzki 1983; Fengel & Wegener 2003)

  5. State of knowledge – pulp and paper properties • Groundwood (of scots pine) • higher yield per m³ due to higher density • lower strength properties at a given specific energy consumption (SEC) than P. abies (Blechschmidt et al. 1985; Kärna 1996; Putz & Göttsching 1988) • slightly lower brightness than P. abies (Putz & Göttsching 1988) • problems with resin can occur during the grinding and the papermaking process (Blechschmidt et al. 1985; Putz & Göttsching 1988) Fig. 4: atmospheric chain grinder

  6. State of knowledge – pulp and paper properties • Thermo-mechanical pulp: • slightly lower strength properties than spruce assortments (Duchesne et al. 1997) • for strength spruce fibres should be preferred (Kärenlampi 1992) • Chemical pulp • slightly lower strength properties than spruce chemical pulp (Kärenlampi 1992)

  7. Material and Methodology • Mill scale grinding trials with an atmospheric chain grinder • Laboratory scale oxidative (hydrogen peroxide) bleaching • Fiber maceration with acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (fibre analysis with Mezzo Fibre Lab 3) Fig. 5: Pinus sylvestris pulpwood

  8. Material and Methodology logging storage on wood yard stem selection wood analysis marking cut to length/ debarking fiber macceration stem selction data analysis grinding pulp sampling pulp and paper analysis bleaching Fig. 4: Trial layout

  9. Material and Methodology – wood and fibre properties of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies

  10. Material and Methodology – wood and fibre properties of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies

  11. Results – pulp and paper propertiesFreeness (Schopper-Riegler)

  12. Results – pulp and paper propertiesFreeness (SR)

  13. Results – pulp and paper propertiesSheet density (g/cm³)

  14. Results – pulp and paper propertiesSheet density g/cm³)

  15. Results – pulp and paper propertiesTensile Index (Nm/g)

  16. Results – pulp and paper propertiesTensile Index (Nm/g)

  17. Results – pulp and paper propertiesPorosity (Bendtsen)

  18. Results – pulp and paper propertiesISO-brightness

  19. Results – pulp and paper propertiesBleachability with hydrogen peroxide (Bleaching experiment with frozen groundwood - lower ISO brightness because of this) (Bleaching with 4% hydrogen-peroxide, bulk density 25%, bleaching duration 2 hours)

  20. Results – pulp and paper propertiesSpecific energy consumption (kWh/t)

  21. Results – pulp and paper propertiesSpecific energy consumption (kWh/t)

  22. Discussion • pulp and paper quality of Pinus sylvestris pulpwood can be explained due to: • fibre morphology • chemical properties • lignin content • extractives

  23. Discussion • fibre morphology • fibre width • reduced tensile index with increasing fibre width (Kärenlampi 1992; Corson 1999) • higher porosity with increasing fibre width (Kärenlampi 1992; Corson 1999) • cell wall thickness • fibres of P. sylvestris are stiffer than fibres of P. abies and break in a earlier stage in the grinding process and result in low pulp fibre length and low tear strength

  24. Discussion • chemical properties • lignin content • due to the higher lignin content a higher amount of energy and/or heat is required during the grinding process (Sundholm et al. 1999) • the grinding process has to be adjusted for P. sylvestris • differences between P. sylvestris and P. abies diminish when using the PGW process (Kärna 1986) • extractives • high amount of extractives cause low strength properties (Brandal 1966) • extractives (Pinosylvin) induce lower pulp brightness (Blechschmidt et al. 1985)

  25. Conclusion • P. sylvestris can be used as a raw material for the groundwood process but the pulp and paper quality is lower than using P. abies • due to the different fibre morphology and the different chemical properties the process technology should be adjusted • the utilization of P. sylvestris pulpwood can be advantageous as a result of: • better availability • lower purchasing price • higher yield

  26. Thanks for your attention Götz Martin Institute of Forest Utilization and Work Science Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany Tel: 0049-761 - 203 9242 E-Mail: goetz.martin@fobawi.uni-freiburg.de

  27. Material and Methodology Fig. 5: Marked (spruce) pulpwood

  28. Material and Methodology Fig. 6: Log saw Fig. 7: Debarking drum

  29. Material and Methodology Fig. 8: Stem selection

  30. Material and Methodology Fig. 9: Atmospheric chain grinders at Stora Enso Reisholz mill

  31. Material and Methodology Fig. 10: Pulp sampling

  32. Material and Methodology Fig. 11: Pulp and paper analysis

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