1 / 23

A Framework for Stepwise Life Cycle Assessment during Product Design with Case-Based Reasoning

A Framework for Stepwise Life Cycle Assessment during Product Design with Case-Based Reasoning. Myeon-Gyu Jeong , Hyo -Won Suh , James R. Morrison Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering KAIST(Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) 2010. 8 . 22. 0. Contents.

vidor
Download Presentation

A Framework for Stepwise Life Cycle Assessment during Product Design with Case-Based Reasoning

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. A Framework for Stepwise Life Cycle Assessmentduring Product Design with Case-Based Reasoning Myeon-GyuJeong, Hyo-Won Suh, James R. Morrison Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering KAIST(Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) 2010. 8. 22

  2. 0. Contents • Research Background • Research motivation and necessity • Related work • Research purpose and scope • Research Method • Research framework • Framework of CBR (Case-Based Reasoning) for LCA • Environmental Character Evaluation Matrix (ECEM) • Selective LCA using the result of CBR • Case study • Case product and LCA result • The LCA results and case representation • Stage 1: ECEM and use of CBR for whole product • Stage 2: Use of CBR for part or module • Stage 3: Selective LCA using the result of ECEM and CBR • Concluding remarks

  3. 1. Research Background • Research Motivation and Necessity • Related Work • Research Purpose and Scope

  4. 1.1 Motivation and Necessity • Numerous environmental • Conventions (UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol) • Regulations (Reach, RoHS, EuP, WEEE, ELV) and • Policies (IPP, SCEM, Environmental labaling, EPR) • Drive companies to consider eco-factors • To address environmental concerns, companies may • Use an eco-design methodology for their products • Develop a system to check regulation satisfaction • Use environmental effect assessment methodology: LCA ● UNFCCC = United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ● Reach, RoHS, EuP, WEEE, ELV • ● Eco-product related Policy - IPP, SCEM, Environmental Labeling, EPR

  5. 1.1 Motivation and Necessity Streamlined LCA Life Cycle Assessment is a technique that purposely adopts a [simplified approach] to life cycle assessment • is an analytical methodologyto identify and assess the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product throughout its life cycle • Not applicable to early product development stage • Time consuming, data-intensive and sometimes difficult to communicate with non-environmental experts • Data collection and analysis challenges limit the accuracy and completeness of LCA Limitations of LCA

  6. 1.2 Some Previous Efforts to Streamline LCA 1. Matrix Method 2. Simplified LCA 3. Numerical Method Product Attributes Product Attribute + Existing Full LCA results Material(Acquisition) Air, Water, Waste Material, Energy Manufacture Air, Water, Waste Material, Energy BLACK BOX (ANN, Regression, etc.) Learning/Fitting Use Air, Water, Waste Material, Energy Scoringbased on checklist Disposal Air, Water, Waste Material, Energy Compare results Matrix Operation (Weighting, Sum.) Input Output Environmental Impact Assessment Results Results (Omit indifferent process or in/output) Suggested by Graedel & Allenby(1995), Pommer(2001) Christiansen, K.(1997), Hur, T.(2003) InesSousa(2000), Seo, K.K(2006) Limitations Only qualitative assessment and low accuracy of result No systematic procedure to select life-stage and part/module of product Hard to learning or fitting the black box and applicable to only specific product category & environmental stressor

  7. 1.3 Research Purpose and Scope • FBSe expression • Function-Behavior-Structure-environmental effect • Case expression method • Support efficient use of existing LCA result cases • CBR Framework for LCA • Replace complicated evaluation process with CBR • Quantitative LCA in early design stage • Using known LCA results, predict LCA results for new product/part support utilize • ECEM • Environmental Character Evaluation Matrix • Support systematic selective LCA process • Selective LCA • Selective LCA using the result of ECEM and CBR • Part selection method using CBR results utilize Concept design System level design Detail design Stepwise LCA LCA with CBR/ECEM LCA with CBR Selective LCA

  8. 2. Research Method • Research Framework • Framework for CBR • Environmental Character Evaluation Matrix(ECEM) • Selective LCA using the result of ECEM and CBR

  9. 2.1 Research Framework Stage 1 Stage 3 Stage 2 Concept Design System-Level Design Detail Design Design output → Attribute Design output → Attribute 1. Product-level evaluation using CBR 3. Functional module evaluation using CBR 4. Select important part/module(Relative Importance) Selective LCA CBR Quantitative LCA in early design stage Improved Selective LCA with ECEM & CBR Feedback to concept design Feedback to system-level design Quantitative LCA Support eco-design with LCA result Support Selective LCA 2. ECEM BOM(1) BOM(2)

  10. 2.2 Framework of CBR for LCA Case memory organization and reasoning process: Recall Index Retrieve Select Cases are divided into three levels by product structure. Each attribute has four FBSe elements Modify Adapt FBSe expression for case representation: Evaluate Function: The purpose of the design (product) (e.g. cellular phone must communicate information to user;) Behavior: Required functional module/parts and manufacturing process (e.g. visual information display by LCD panel) Structure: Description of the physical characteristics of the object (e.g. geometry size, material, color) Environmental Effect: Description of the environmental effect of a product (e.g. global warming, ozone layer depletion, acidification) Design output→ Attribute Case memory … Product A Stage 1 Product Level F B S e … Module 1 Module 2 Stage 2 Module Level F B S e F B S e … Sub-Module Level Sub-Module 1 Sub-Module 2 Sub-Module 3 F B S e F B S e F B S e New Solution (LCA) Update new case

  11. 2.2 Framework of CBR for LCA General form of LCA results when FBSe expression is used: Function …… Function Attribute 1 (Value) Function Attribute 2 (Value) Function Attribute n (Value) Case Retrieval Area (Used to match cases) Behavior …… Behavior Attribute 1 (Value) Behavior Attribute 2 (Value) Behavior Attribute n (Value) Problem space (CBR Input) Structure …… Structure Attribute 1 (Value) Structure Attribute 2 (Value) Structure Attribute n (Value) Case Adaptation Area (Used to modify result) Environmental effect Solution space (CBR Output) Global warming • (Value) …… Acidification • (Value) Eutrophication (Value) Photochemical Oxidant Creation (Value) By FBSe Expression, LCA result of similar module/part in different product could be retrieved and utilized

  12. 2.2 Framework of CBR for LCA Recall Index Retrieve Select Closest case is selected by similarity computation Modify Adapt Similarity computation: Evaluate Weight of attribute i: wi (Nonnegative real number [1,5]) Degree of similarity between cases x and y: sim(x,y) (Real number in [0,1]) Values for attribute fi: fiN, fiA (N is new design, A is case A) Design output→ Attribute Case memory … Product A Stage 1 Product Level F B S e … Module 1 Module 2 Stage 2 Module Level F B S e F B S e … Sub-Module Level Sub-Module 1 Sub-Module 2 Sub-Module 3 F B S e F B S e F B S e New Solution (LCA) Update new case

  13. 2.2 Framework of CBR for LCA Recall Index Retrieve Select Case Adaptation: • The LCA results can be affected by several factors, but highly depend on material and mass. • Therefore, it is necessary to check the coincidence of material and compensate the mass difference. Modify Adapt Evaluate (1) Checking procedure of material coincidence (2) Mass compensation IF Material category of object = Material category of case THEN Select case ELSE Search other cases Design output→ Attribute Case memory … Product A Stage 1 Product Level F B S e … Module 1 Module 2 Stage 2 Module Level F B S e F B S e … Sub-Module Level Sub-Module 1 Sub-Module 2 Sub-Module 3 F B S e F B S e F B S e New Solution (LCA) Update new case

  14. 2.3 Environmental Character Evaluation Matrix Input the environmental stressor Purpose: to search product characterized attributes which could not be found in CBR system, and feedback the results to later design process and selective LCA Input the value 1(weak effect) ~ 5(serious effect) and related part/material Important life-stage and related part/material information Important environmental stressor and related part/material information Input the life-stages Searching for product attributes not found in the CBR system and for giving feedback to later design processes and selective LCA processes via E-BOM

  15. 2.3 Selective LCA using the result of CBR Use of CBR results in the selection of important parts: Existing LCA methodevaluate the contribution by only quantity of matter, then exclude the part which have the value below a threshold Even though some part has little mass,it can have large environmental effect owing to their manufacturing process, etc. Proposed methodselect important part/module based on critical value and relative importance from CBR results 2. Important part selection procedure 1. Relative importance BEGIN IF Relative importance of part/module < Critical value THEN Remove the part/module from selective LCA list END

  16. 3. Case study – Mobile Phone • Case product and LCA results • The LCA results and case representation • Stage 1: ECEM and use of CBR for whole product • Stage 2: Use of CBR for part or module • Stage 3: Selective LCA using the result of ECEM and CBR

  17. 3.1 Case product and LCA results Mobile phone and specification The LCA results for mobile phone Legend: GW : Global warming AD : Acidification EU : EutrophicationPOC : Photochemical oxidant creation ARD : Aboic resource depletion *Reference LCA Procedure : ISO 14040 series practical guideline, 2004. Life cycle inventory DB : KNCPC (Korea national Cleaner Production Center in KITECH LCD PCB 1 Battery Pack Battery Housing PCB 2 FRT Panel Bolts & Plastics PCB 2 Plate Inner Panel Key Pad Number Pad Slide UPR Panel Back Panel Slide UPR Slide LWR

  18. 3.2 Case representation of LCA results FBSe expression of the mobile phone LCA results Function Phone call (Mobile phone call) Camera (Take picture/movie) Entertainment (Play music/movie clip) Behavior Voice call (Speaker, Microphone) Camera (Type:1.3M pixel CMOS) Display module (Type: TFT LCD) Battery (Type: Li-ion polymer) Memory (Type: Flash) Structure Height (16.9mm) Battery spec. (3.7Voltage, 800mAh) Material (Polypropylene) Color (Black) Mass (94.9g) Memory capacity (58.5 Mb) Length (93mm) Display size (2.0 inch) Width (46mm) Environmental effect Global warming • (5.04E-04 pe•yr/fu) Acidification • (1.97E-04 pe•yr/fu) Eutrophication (1.02E-05 pe•yr/fu) Photochemical Oxidant Creation (3.69E-05 pe•yr/fu) Azoic Resource Depletion • (3.27E-04 pe•yr/fu)

  19. 3.3 Stage 1:ECEM and use of CBR for whole product ECEM (Environmental Character Evaluation Matrix): Spiderweb chart helps us easily explore the important life stage, the related parts or modules, and the environmental stressor Life stage Environmental BOM(1): Based on ECEM results Environmental Stressor We can estimate LCA result of whole product by using CBR, and this can be summarized in BOM with ECEM result. Designers can modify the product based on this BOM to be more eco-friendly.

  20. 3.4 Stage 2: Use of CBR for part or module Similarity computation of two different LCD modules sim 1.0 0.8 1.0 0 sim 1.0 0.3 0.1 0 Case 1 is more similar to the New problem due to “Display module” The LCA results of whole product in Stage 1 and other parts or modules can be estimated with same procedure

  21. 3.5 Stage 3:Selective LCA using the result of ECEM and CBR Critical value = 0.02(less than 2%) BOM(2) CBR result of case 1 can be adapted to new product design Selective LCA CBR Considering parts ECEM Life stages Environmental stressor Part selection method based on CBR results is more simple and precise ECEM 4 5 11 9 3 8

  22. 4. Concluding Remarks • CBR framework for LCA : Quantitative LCA in early design stage, Fast and effective LCA by replacing complicated evaluation process with CBR • FBSe expression method for CBR: Support efficient use of existing LCA cases by expressing product, module, part-level with FBSe • ECEM to support CBR:Fills in gaps in eco-analysis that CBR cannot well answer • Selective LCA :Part selection method using CBR results • Integration of stepwise LCA procedure with environmentally extended BOM : Support gradual eco-improvement of product in each design stages

  23. Thank You !

More Related