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The technical regulation of the refrigeration market in Europe

The technical regulation of the refrigeration market in Europe. Dr.- Ing. Rainer M. Jakobs DMJ Consulting Breuberg, Germany Board Member of the German Society of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning DKV e.V. Agenda. Environmental challenges Global policies Energy facts in Europe

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The technical regulation of the refrigeration market in Europe

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  1. The technical regulation of the refrigeration market in Europe Dr.- Ing. Rainer M. Jakobs DMJ Consulting Breuberg, GermanyBoard Member of the German Society of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning DKV e.V.

  2. Agenda • Environmental challenges • Global policies • Energy facts in Europe • EU policies • The European legislation landscape • Conclusion

  3. Environmental Challenges Ozone Depletion: 1987 Montreal Protocol: Phase Out CFC, HCFC  HFC, Natural Fluids Sustainability: 1992 Rio Conference based on 1972 Report Club of Rome “Limits to Growth” 1987 Report Brundtland “Environment and Development” established in its Agenda 21” and in the “Climate Convention”  the request for a sustainable development and Eco-Efficiency Sustainable Development means a permanent improvement of quality of mankind within the possibilities of natural environment. Global Warming 1997 Kyoto Protocol: HFC (Refrigerant) and CO2 (Energy) Emission Control

  4. Global Policies 1987: Montreal Protocol phase out ozone depleting substances The ozone hole • 1997: Kyoto protocol & post Kyoto agreements • control of greenhouse gas emissions • concern on high GWP refrigerants • Opportunities for heat pumps Global warming Kyoto: -5% greenhouse gas emission by 2012 Post Kyoto: -25% to -40% by 2020

  5. Total Warming Impact Heat sink Primary energyfrom non-renewable and renewable sources End energy Heat source

  6. Energy consumption in Europe Energy Consumption (Primary Energy) Buildings Industry 2015 10 - 25% 10 10 - - 25% 25% Comfort 28% 28% 41% Hot Water Hot Water Hot Water Cooling 3% 50-60% 50 50 - - 60% 60% Space Heating Others Others Space Space Buildings 31% 31% Heating Heating 20% 20% Transport CO2 equivalent emissions (%) Buildings consume > 40% of EU energy 50-60 % is used for cooling and heating Share of cooling may increase in future [EU 25 : 2003] Non Energy Energy 41% 20% 61% 19% Energy for Source: Eurostat 2004 Transport 80% of CO2 eq. emissions is by energy consumption

  7. Drivers for using less energy andEU policies Global Warming Economy 20 % less primary energy use compared by 2020 20 % less CO2 equiv. by 2020 ENERGY Security of supply 20 % share of Renewable Energy sources by 2020

  8. EU policies 20-20-20-2020 Energy Policy for Europe Targets by 2020 20% increase in energy efficiency 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 20% share of renewables in overall energy consumption 10% biofuel component in vehicle fuel by 2020 10 - 25% 10 10 - - 25% 25% 41% Hot Water Hot Water 3% 50-60% 50 50 - - 60% 60% 41% Space Space 31% 31% Heating Heating

  9. EU Energy mix & detail of Renewable Energy sources (RES) The target : 20% RES by 2020 is 3 times higher compared to 2005 drastic improvement is required

  10. Utilization of renewable energy sources Heat Pump

  11. Contribution to EU targets Heat pumps installed in single family houses alone can contribute to the 20/20/20 % EU-targets by 2020 to approximately 20 % to…. - reduce primary energy consumption - reduce greenhouse gas emissions - increase the share of renewables. - Without regarding the potential for heat pump use in public and commercial sectors - Without regarding the potential for cooling and air conditioning Source: European Heat Pump Action Plan

  12. The European legislation landscape Renewable energies Building RES COP EPB EuP SPF Eco labelling SCOP RoHS Heating system Heat pumping systemsRefr. AC HP Renewable electricity production Energy Statistics Heat source F-Gas WEEE Regulations Directives Labels

  13. Energy saving policies 1 • Energy Labelling • Ecodesign directive Energy Performance of Buildings Directive European Ecolabel

  14. Energy saving policies 2 European ecolabel : pull customers towards the most environmentally friendly equipment (voluntary programme) Energy labelling : push industry & pull customers towards more efficient products by ranking them (mandatory) Also for buildings (EPBD) Ecodesign for Energy using products : push industry towards more efficient products by banning less efficient products from the market (mandatory – now under preparation)

  15. What is the European Eco-label? • The European Ecolabel, also known as 'The Flower' is… • an official environmental label for products and services established by the EU Commission in 1992 in cooperation with national member states. • used by more than 300 licenced companies on more than 2000 products • The EU Eco-label guarantees that the awarded products meet EU-wide valid strong environmental criteria • Compliance is checked during a certification procedure led by a national Competent Body.

  16. What is EUP? EUP = Ecodesign Requirements for Energy Using Products HIGH efficiency Minimum efficiency requirements BAN LOW

  17. Framework directive 2005/32/EC PREPARATORY STUDIES: 19. Domestic lighting 1. Boilers (HP) 10.Airconditioner<12kW 11. Motors, fans,.. 20. Local room heating prod. 2. Waterheaters (HP) 12. Comm. Refriger. 21. Central heat. prod hot air 3. PC 13. Dom. Refriger. 22. ovens 4. copiers 14. dishwashers 23. Hobs & grills 5. TV, … 15. Fossil fuel burner 24. prof.washing machines, dryers, dishwashers 6. Stand by loss 16. Laundry driers 25. Non tertiary coffee mach. 7. Battery charger 17. Vacuum cleaners 26. Networked stand by loss 8. Office lights 18. Set top boxes 27. dom. Uninterr. Power sup. 9. Street lights New studies; Also expected are: Refrigeration & airconditioners FINAL RESULT = regulation for each product group

  18. Importance of the study  Product definition, standards & legislation  Economics & market  Consumer & infrastructure  Technical analysis-existing technology  definition of basecase (representative model of the market)  Improvement potential  Technical analysis of BAT Policy report, impact & sensitivity analysis BAT: best available technology

  19. Adoption Parliament Consultation forum Committee vote Study Estimated timeline* for each study *Based on different information 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1. Boilers (HP) 2. Waterheaters (HP) 10. Air conditioners <12kW 6. Stand by losses 11. Fans 12. Refrigeration New workplan Publication Implementation

  20. EuP Ecodesign Requirements for Energy Using Products • Tendencies : • Europe aims to be top runner in the world • standardise method for LCCA + LCA • air conditioning, ventilation and refrigeration are priority product groups • main focus on energy efficiency improvements • energy labeling (ELD) will be reviewed based on results of EUP study • Opportunities : • better evaluation of BAT, e.g. inverter • competitive advantage for energy efficient products

  21. EUP – lot 10 – Airconditioner <12kW Cooling only products Present energy label LOT 10 - proposal SEER Heating only products EER SCOP COP APF Reversible products FULL LOAD PART LOAD Includes stand by & off mode *SEER= seasonal energy efficiency ratio (cooling performance) *SCOP= seasonal coefficient of performance (heating performance) *APF = annual performance factor (combining cooling & heating)

  22. Is there a relation between Ecolabel and Ecodesign / EuP ? high Ecodesign = Setting the minimum environmental requirements for CE marking = Mandatory Ecolabel = Award for top market = Voluntary Environmental performance Product ban low e.g. Heat pump market Objective of Ecolabel is different from Ecodesign / EuP !

  23. EPBD Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy Perfomance of Buildings (EPBD) • Tendencies : • better insulated buildings result in reduced demand for cooling&heating • regular inspection > 12 kW : increase service cost, less running costs • Energy label buildings : air conditioning negative, heat pump positive evaluation. Need for part load data – SEER/SCOP • very national approach • Opportunities : • Service business / building energy management • Competitive advantage for energy efficient cooling, heating & ventilation • Opportunity for heat pump sales

  24. Preparation Enforcement Review ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 ’10 ‘11 Dir. (2002/96/EC) waste electrical & electronic equip. WEEE Dir.(2002/95/EC) Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS Reg.(2037/2000/EC) Ozone layer depleting Substances ODS Reg. (842/2006/EC) certain Fluorinated gases F-Gas Dir. (2002/91/EC) energy Performance of buildings EPBD Framew. Dir. (2005/32/EC) ecodesign for energy using products EuP Framework Directive Product groups Dir. (2002/31/EC) on energy Labelling of household air conditioners ELD Framew. Dir. Registration ,evaluation and authorisation of chemicals REACH EU Agency set up eco-label award for heat pump systems ECOLabel Batteries Dir. (2006/66/EC) batteries and accumulators Dir.(94//62/EC) packaging and packaging waste Packaging

  25. WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment • Tendencies : • For the moment there is no common scope in Europe. Most countries exclude “fixed installations” from the scope but some countries include such as Italy, Portugal, Greece and Malta. Netherlands is reconsidering. The tendency is to include the parts of fixed installations in the scope. • As the replacement market is still relative small, the amount of airconditioners to recycle is small but will increase . • The F-gas regulation influences the recycling process. • Opportunities : • open & competitive market for waste treatment will reduce costs. Easy recycling products and recycling knowledge will create the most competitive recycling scheme. • improve refrigerant recovery in view of F-gas regulation

  26. RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances • Tendencies : • RoHS directive is spreading to other areas, e.g. China. More and more manufacturers extend the scope on voluntary basis. • European customer is very sensitive for hazardous substances. • if WEEE scope is reviewed, RoHS scope will follow • exemptions will be reviewed on regular base • -Lead (Pb) • -Cadmium (Cd) • -Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) • -Mercury (Hg) • -Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) • -Polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE) • Opportunities : • Cost reduction of RoHS parts because of increasing demand on wider scale • Voluntary implementation on products “out of scope” helps to attain eco-labelling & competitive advantage. • Development of alternatives for todays exemptions

  27. Tendency European legislation production Exhaust air-treatment, waste water, soil,… VOC agreement product batteries Packaging and Packaging waste Dangerous substances EUP ROHS F-gas batteries Ozone depleting substances Ecolabel Product use in total system Limit of available energy Energy labeling Energy performance of buildings F-gas End of life treatment batteries F-gas WEEE 2005 1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2010 FOCUS of environmental legislation shifts from production facility and product towards the product use phase and end of life treatment

  28. Conclusion Provide ecological & energy efficient technologies: - HVAC & R energy efficient solutions - Contribute with Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery in Refrigeration applications to the reduction of CO2 emissions - Optimize use of renewable energy sources - Solutions for energy demand control (eg ice or heat storage during night, peak load limitation control) - Total life cycle optimization, incl. containment of fluorinated greenhouse gases, waste prevention - Performance improvement of systems during the entire cooling & heating season (incl. part load conditions) The stock of buildings and Refrigeration and Air Conditioning plants are the keys for the reduction of primary energy + CO2 emissions

  29. Thank you for your attention End

  30. Mobile A/C • MAC Industry Actions9 December 2008Washington

  31. MAC Industry Actions9 December 2008 R-744 Way forward under VDA Publish detailed findings for public review Reach global agreement with environmental & safety authorities on safe passenger exposure limits, test methods, and assumed interior CO2 baseline(s) Submit vehicle safety mitigation strategy for regulatory review Pursue SNAP conditional listing to open global markets respecting US EPA judgment Cooperate to resolve any problems identified R-1234yf Way forward under SAEPublish detailed findings for public reviewIdentify technology for near-zero refrigerant emissions and high energy efficiency systems -Superior LCCP, reliable systems, safely serviced-Put in place standards that can be referenced in SNAP and/or state approval of R-1234yfCooperate to resolve any problems identified

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