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Four Primary Types of Ionizing Radiation: Alpha Particles

Four Primary Types of Ionizing Radiation: Alpha Particles. Alpha Particles : 2 neutrons and 2 protons They travel short distances, have large mass Only a hazard when inhaled. Four Primary Types of Ionizing Radiation: Beta Particles.

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Four Primary Types of Ionizing Radiation: Alpha Particles

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  1. Four Primary Types of Ionizing Radiation:Alpha Particles Alpha Particles: 2 neutrons and 2 protons They travel short distances, have large mass Only a hazard when inhaled

  2. Four Primary Types of Ionizing Radiation:Beta Particles Beta Particles: Electrons or positrons having small mass and variable energy. Electrons form when a neutron transforms into a proton and an electron or:

  3. Four Primary Types of Ionizing Radiation:Gamma Rays Gamma Rays (or photons): Result when the nucleus releases Energy, usually after an alpha, beta or positron transition

  4. Four Primary Types of Ionizing Radiation:X-Rays X-Rays: Occur whenever an inner shell orbital electron is removed and rearrangement of the atomic electrons results with the release of the elements characteristic X-Ray energy

  5. Four Primary Types of Ionizing Radiation:Neutrons Neutrons: Have the same mass as protons but are uncharged They behave like bowling balls

  6. Four Primary Types of Ionizing Radiation • Alpha particles • Beta particles • Gamma rays (or photons) • X-Rays (or photons) • Neutrons

  7. RADIATION FUNDAMENTALS ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Bureau of Radiation Control

  8. Radioactivity: Elements & Atoms • Atoms are composed of smaller particles referred to as: • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons

  9. Ionization • Ionizing radiation is produced by unstable atoms. Unstable atoms differ from stable atoms because they have an excess of energy or mass or both. • Unstable atoms are said to be radioactive. In order to reach stability, these atoms give off, or emit, the excess energy or mass. These emissions are called radiation.

  10. Types or Products of Ionizing Radiation   or X-ray neutron

  11. Ionizing Radiation alpha particle beta particle Radioactive Atom X-ray gamma ray

  12. Ionizing Radiation alpha particle beta particle Radioactive Atom X-ray gamma ray

  13. Direct Ionization Caused By: • Protons • Alpha Particles • Beta Particles • Positron Particles

  14. Indirect Ionization Caused By: • Neutrons • Gamma Rays • X-Rays

  15. DNA and Radiation

  16. Ionizing Radiation at the Cellular Level • Causes breaks in one or both DNA strands or; • Causes Free Radical formation

  17. Curie (Ci) • Radiation hazard does not solely depend on the activity. It also depends on the type of decay (alpha, beta, photon, etc.) • Named in honor of Pierre Curie

  18. Half Life Calculation

  19. Estimated Exposure To The National Population • Between 320 – 360 mr/yr

  20. Radiation Protection • Decrease Time • Increase Distance • Increase Shielding

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