ENERGY

1. ENERGY

2. Global Warming The atmosphere is like an insulator keeping in greenhouse gasses such as CO2, methane, etc. The sun is our primary energy source Greenhouse gasses trap heat and leads to global warming / climate change.

3. Climate change Greenhouse gases are increasing. Average global temperatures are rising. Climate changes are happening.

5. An inconvenient truth

6. Ancient Sunlight

7. Fossil Fuels • SA relies heavily on crude oil imported from the Middle East. • Crude oil is shipped to Saldanha Bay, north of CT • Pumped 120km to the refinery in Milnerton • Refined into liquid fuels like petrol, diesel, paraffin and gas • Distributed to fuel suppliers

8. Power plant to plug • Most of the electricity in SA is generated near the coal fields of Mpumalanga. • Transmission occurs through huge power lines along Eskom’s national grid.

9. Other fuel types Paraffin Wood LPG

10. Carbon Footprint • Burning coal releases harmful gases into the atmosphere. • SO2 + water = acid rain. • CO2 = highest contributing global warming greenhouse gas. • Methane and other gasses are however much stronger • Most of SAs energy comes from burning coal,a fossil fuel

11. 8 4 1 Carbon Footprint • We produce on average 8 tons ofCO2 per person each year in South Africa • Coal based electricity • “Cheap” electricity • Inefficient systems Do you know your carbon footprint? For on-line carbon calculators visit www.trees.co.za or www.bp.com

12. Renewable Energy

13. Renewable or not? • Fossil fuels cannot be reproduced or regenerated on a scale that can sustain consumption patterns indefinitely and mostly exist in a fixed amount, such as coal, petroleum and natural gas • Renewable energy is energy that comes from renewable resources, such as wind, solar, geothermal, biofuels

14. Potential energy sources Wind 870 TW Geothermal 32 TW Hydro 7,2 TW Solar / Sun 86 000 TW Global human energy consumption 15 TW

15. Solar Power • The average home in SA receives600kWh of sunshine per day • The average home uses 774kWh of electricity per month

16. Solar Water Heating • Solar water heaters • Electric hot water geysers use 60% of the energy in a home • The sun heats water directly and does not create electricity • Solar water heaters are costly, but save huge amounts over time

17. Solar Power (PV) • Solar power generation • Photovoltaic (PV) cells convert sunlight into electricity • This electricity can be stored in batteries and used when required • It is however still relatively expensive

18. Alternative Energy Consider alternative cooking options

19. Alternative Options Induction stove top

20. Alternative Options Heat Pump Not renewable, but very efficient for heating and cooling water or air Air-to-water Air-to-air Eskom is currently giving rebates Cheaper than a SWH

21. Wind Turbines • Wind farms produce clean sustainable electricity, but it is an expensive option • No pollution • No natural resources depleted

22. Renewable Energy • Biofuels can be produced from wheat, corn, potato, sugar cane, etc • Spent oil or algae can also be used and has no impact on food security • Be aware of concerns around food security

23. Nuclear Power

24. Nuclear Power Is nuclear power an option? • Koeberg is the only nuclear power station in Africa • Power is relatively clean – minimal CO2 emissions • Output is high – one uranium pebble (size of cricket ball) produces as much electricity as (a truck load) 7,6 tons of coal • SA is rich in uranium, the core of nuclear fuel, although most of the uranium needed is imported

25. Nuclear Power • Uranium is a non-renewable resource • Radioactive waste is highly dangerous • It must be buried far underground as it remains active for 1000s of years.

26. Remember to tell your grandchildren's children to tell their grandchildren's children, to tell their grandchildren's children, to tell their grandchildren's, grandchildren's, children how to deal with the nuclear waste... Nuclear Power • Uranium is a non-renewable resource • Radioactive waste is highly dangerous • It must be buried far underground as it remains active for 1000s of years.

27. Transport in our City Over 50% of all energy used in Cape Town is spent on transportation - cars, buses, trains and taxis.

28. Transport in our City • How can we reduce our fuel consumption? • Lift clubs / car share • Use public transport • Drive our cars efficiently • Buy smaller & efficient cars • Consider a hybrid vehicle • Cycle or walk

29. Eco Driving • Service your vehicle regularly • Check your tyre pressure monthly • Remove unnecessary weight from your vehicle • Close your windows at higher speeds • Use air conditioning sparingly • Reduce idling • Avoid speeding and drive smoothly • When accelerating, change gears as early as possible

30. Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) The City aims to provide better public transport services

31. Energy Efficiency The energy efficient house p58

32. Energy efficient homes

33. Electricity Safety • Check that all electrical wiring is correct and safe • Check for gas leaks • Make sure your home is well ventilated BLue is Left BRown is Right

34. Energy saving tips

35. Energy saving tips

36. Energy saving tips

37. WASTE ENERGY WATER BIODIVERSITY WASTE ENERGY WATER BIODIVERSITY The challenge: What are you going to do differently?