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The Gospel According to John

The Gospel According to John . An Overview of John’s Gospel. A different perspective on Jesus and his life than the Synoptic Gospels. Authorship and Date. The Gospel of John, the three letters of John, and the Book of Revelation attributed to the author

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The Gospel According to John

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  1. The Gospel According to John

  2. An Overview of John’s Gospel A different perspective on Jesus and his life than the Synoptic Gospels

  3. Authorship and Date • The Gospel of John, the three letters of John, and the Book of Revelation attributed to the author • Only Revelation refers to the author by the name-John • The Evangelist refers to himself as “the disciple whom Jesus loved.” • Identity never revealed

  4. Early Church tradition attributes authorship to the Apostle John • No evidence to support • Probably written by a disciple of John or group of disciples • End of first century: 90-100 CE (AD)

  5. Audience and Location • Communities suffered from persecution under Emperor Domitian (A.D. 81-96) • author and readers: Hellenistic Jewish Christians; • Written in Ephesus, maybe Syria

  6. Theological Themes: Reflection on the Person and Nature of Jesus • Incarnate and living Word of God • Revelation of the divine • Divine Son of God • New Creation • Light and darkness • “I am” statements

  7. Jesus and the Father are One • Synoptic gospels: the teachings of Jesus in terms of the coming of the reign of God; • John’s gospel: Jesus speaks mostly about himself – Jesus is the kingdom of God in the flesh

  8. Jesus in “I am” statements I am the bread of life (Jn 6: 35) I am the light of the world (Jn 8: 12) I am the gate for the sheep (Jn 10: 7) I am the good shepherd (Jn 10: 11) I am the resurrection and life (Jn 11: 25) I am the way and the truth and the life (Jn 14: 6) I am the true vine (Jn 15: 1)

  9. John’s unique style • Synoptic gospels: Jesus teaches: - through parables and short sayings; • John’s gospel: Jesus teaches: • through long, symbolic, theological discourses; • Uses double meaning and irony. Ex: John 3:4; John 4: 12

  10. Prologue (John 11-18) • Jesus as preexistent word of God – John traces the divinity of Jesus back to the dawn of time; • “the Word” – Christ – the communication and self-revelation of God; • Christ - as source of all creation; present to all creation as lights in the darknes.

  11. Jesus - The Word of God • The Word has always been in the world, but the world did not know him; • A theology of Incarnation – the center of the gospel – God has become a human being.

  12. Structure of the Gospel Two distinct sections: • Book of Signs - works and deeds of Jesus • Book of Glory - Jesus’ teachings - Passion, death, and Resurrection events

  13. Book of Signs • The wedding at Cana (John 2: 1-11) – ushering in the new messianic era; • Jesus heals an official’s Son (John 4: 46-54) – Jesus is come for Gentiles as well as Jews;

  14. Book of Signs • Jesus heals on the Sabbath (John 5;1-15) – Jesus power over Sabbath is his union with the Father; • Feeding the five thousand (John 6:1-13) – Jesus as fulfillment of the Exodus – replacing manna with his own body and blood.

  15. Book of Signs • Jesus walks on the water (John 6: 16-21) – water – symbol for chaos – Jesus conquers chaos just as God chaos in the creation story; • A man born blind receives sight (John 9:1-7) – light – symbol for truth; - darkness – symbol for sin or confusion; It points beyond the physical darkness of blindness to the spiritual darkness of sin;

  16. Book of Signs • The Death of the Lazarus (John 11:1-44) – - Death and rising of Lazarus – a prefiguring of the death and resurrection of Jesus.

  17. Book of Glory (John 13: 1-20:31) 1) Story of Last Supper; 2) The Last Discourse; 3) Ascension

  18. The Last Supper • Described in highly symbolic terms: - Jesus washes the feet of the apostles; - Washing of feet is the custom of Palestinian hospitality

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